Sahamiyayaal of Jacaylku. Faddey Faddeevich Bellinsgauzen. Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev. Yaa helay Jacaylku?

Jacaylku - qaaradda ah oo ku yaalla koonfurta ee dhulkeenna. Its xarunta waa isku mid (qiyaas ahaan) si ay pole koonfureed juqraafi. Badaha ku xeeran Jacaylku: Pacific, Indian iyo Atlantic. Biirtay, waxay sameeyaan Ocean koonfurta.

Inkastoo jawiga adag, ku dubato ee qaaradda this weli ka jiraa. Maanta deggan Jacaylku - waa in ka badan 70 nooc oo xawayaanka. Sidoo kale, waxaa jira afar nooc oo pingvin buul. Xitaa dadkii degganaa Jacaylku dhacay Qarniyadii hore. Sidaas waxa muujiyay hadhaagii dinosaurs halkan ayaa laga helayaa. In dalka this, xataa qofka waxa uu ku dhashay (waxa ay ahayd markii ugu horeysay ee 1978).

Taariikhda cilmi Jacaylku hor duulaan reer Bellingshausen iyo Lazarev

Ka dib markii isagoo leh James Cook in matalo hoos Arctic koonfurta Circle, ma waxaa laga heli karaa in ka badan 50 sano, sahamisa ma uusan rabin in uu diidi ku dhaqanka fikir ah oo amar weyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in la ogaadaa in ee 1800-10 xisaabeedka. ee Badweynta Pacific, band subantarctic badmaax British arag dalka yar. In 1800, Genri Uoterhauz halkan Antipodes Islands helay, in 1806 Abraham Bristow furay Auckland Islands, iyo in 1810 Frederick Hesselbro yimid on saabsan. Campbell.

Furitaanka of W. New Shetland ka Smith

Uilyam Smit, sirkaal kale oo England, kuwaas oo la load a in Valparaiso on Brig ah "Williams" socda lagu tuuray by duufaanka off Cape Horn xagga koonfureed. 1819kii, on February 19, ayuu labo jeer arkay dalka, dheeraad ah oo ku yaalla koonfur, oo soo qabtay iyadii dhamaadka qaaradda koonfurta. W. Smith ugu noqdeen dalkoodii iyagoo June, iyo sheekooyinka uu ku saabsan daahfurka tani waa ugaarsadaha aad u xiiso. mar labaad ayuu tegey si Valparaiso bishii September 1819kii iyo ka baxay cajiib in "ay" dalka. Waxa uu sahamiyey xeebta 2 maalmood, oo markaas hanti ahaan u qaadeen waxaa ka mid ah, ka dib yeedhay Shetland Cusub.

Fikradda in uu abaabulo duulaan a Ruush

Sarychev, Kotzebue iyo Krusenstern bilaabay duulaan Ruushka, kuwaas oo ujeedada ahayd in la raadiyo qaaradda koonfurta. Alexander I ansixiyey soo jeedinta ay bishii February 1819kii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa ay ka leexatay in waqtiga ay jiraan badmaax oo aad u yar, shiraaca qorsheysan sanadkan xagaaga. Sababtoo ah rush ee duulaan ka mid ah maxkamadda Nuurre Aw - beddelay gaadiidka a sloop "Peace" iyo sloop ee "East". Labada doonniyo ku dhoofnay oo aan lagu dabaqaa xaaladaha adag ee ka latitudes kala horjeeda. taliyayaasha ay bilaabeen Bellingshausen iyo Lazarev.

Biography Bellingshausen

Faddey Bellinsgauzen ku dhashay jasiiradda of Saaremaa (hadda - Saaremaa, Estonia) August 18, 1779. Isgaarsiinta la baxriyiintii ayaa, u dhow badda ka da'da hore qayb ka xaqiiqda ah in wiilka la jecel yahay Navy ah. Marka ay tahay 10 jir uu u soo diray inuu Corps Marine ah. Bellingshausen, sida midshipman ah, dhoofeen England. In 1797 wuxuu ka Corps ka qalin oo waxay u adeegeen in darajo sarkaalka waaran on maraakiibta dheregno koox dad ah u dhoofay ee badda bari.

Faddey Bellinsgauzen ee 1803-06 uu ka qeyb galay dabaasha iyo Lisiansky Kruzenshtern, taas oo u adeegi jireen sida dugsi isaga u wanaagsan tahay. Badmaaxe guriga soo laabtay ayuu hadalkiisa raaciyay hawshiisu in Fleet bari, ka dibna, in 1810, waxaa lagu wareejiyay Badda Madow Fleet. Halkan kii kowaad amray markabka "qoraya", ka dibna "Flora." shaqo badan ayaa laga sameeyey sano ee adeegga ee Badda Madow ee Hadba ee gooldhalinta nautical degaanka ee xeebaha Caucasian. Bellingshausen sidoo kale fuliyeen tiro ka mid ah indha-indhaynta ah sumalka uguma. Waxa uu farta ku wadataa oo ka mid ah qodobada ugu muhiimsan ee xeebta. Hoggaaminta duulaan ku, sidaas darteed wuxuu u yimid inuu leedahay bad-maax oo khibrad leh, cilmiga iyo cilmibaadhe.

Yuu yahay Lazarev xildhibaanka?

isaga hoosteedana waxaa ku yiil si ay u noqdaan ku xigeenkiisa, taliyaha oo ka mid ah "Peace", - Lazarev Mihail Petrovich. Wuxuu ahaa khibrad leh, badmaaxa ah aqoon, kuwaas oo markii dambe u noqday Taliyaha caan ah badda oo ah aasaasaha Lazarev Naval wadashada School. Lazarev Mihail Petrovich waxa uu ku dhashay 1788, 3 November, ee gobolka Vladimir ee. In 1803 wuxuu ka Corps Marine ka qalin jabiyay, ka dibna 5 sano dabaasha ee Mediterranean iyo badda woqooyi, ee Atlantic, Pacific iyo Badweynta Indiya. Lazarev on guriga soo laabtay ayuu hadalkiisa raaciyay in ay u adeegaan ee markabka, "Vsevolod". Waxa uu ka qayb qaatay dagaalo ka dhan ah raxan u Anglo-Swedish. Inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida isna wuxuu u adeegay in Lazarev "Phoenix" ee ka qeyb qaatay caga ee Danzig.

At soo jeedinaya of Company wadajir Ruush-American ee September 1813 wuxuu noqday taliyaha markabka "Suvorov", taasoo uu safar ugu horeysay oo dunida dacaladeeda ah in xeebaha Alaska. Intii ay safarka ku this, isagu xaq buu isu tusay sarkaal ciidamada badda dhiso oo qurqurxoon iyo sahamisa a geesi ah.

U diyaar garowga duulaan ku

Muddo dheer waxaa jiray post a bannaan ee sirkaal u ahaa "East" iyo madaxa duulaan ku. bil oo kaliya ka hor tago ilaa badda furan waxaa lagu ansixiyay FF ah Bellingshausen. Sidaa darteed, shaqo on set oo ka mid ah laba shaqaalaha ka mid ah Maraakiibta (oo ku saabsan 190 oo qof), iyo sidoo kale iyaga oo la siinayo lagama maarmaan u ah safar dheer iyo diinta ee sloop ah "Peace" jiifay ee saaran garbaha Taliyaha markabka, MP Lazarev. Hawsha ugu wayn ee duulaan la qoondeeyey sida la sifaynayo cilmiyaysan. "Peace" iyo "East" ahaayeen distinguished ma aha oo kaliya in ay size. "Peace" waxay ahayd ku haboon oo laga badiyay kaliya hal, "East" - in xawaaraha safarka.

furitaanka ugu horeeya ee

Labada maraakiibta July 4, 1819kii ka Kronstadt yimid. Sayidka bilaabay duulaan reer Bellingshausen iyo Lazarev. Badmaax oo soo gaadhay oo ku saabsan. South Georgia ee December. Waxay yihiin 2 maalmood lagu qaaday alaabada ee xeebaha koonfurta-galbeed ee jasiiradda oo midba midka kale, taasoo loo magacaabay in sharaf of Annenkov, Lieutenant, furay "Peace." Ka dib markii in, cinwaanka koonfur-bari, maraakiibta furay December 22 iyo 23 March jasiiradaha yar oo asal ahaan Kobenhagen (de Marquis ku uyeelay).

Markaas, u dhaqaaqo koonfur-bari, ee sahamiyayaal Antarctic gaaray D. Cook "Sandiwiij ee dhulka." Bannaan Tani, sida ay uga leexatay, jasiiradaha. In cimilada cad, dhif ah in qaybo ka mid ah kuwan, January 3, 1820 Ruush dhawaday Southern Thule - ugu dhow qaybta cirif ee dalka, furan Cooke. Waxay ogaadeen in "dhulka" Kani waa jasiiradaha 3-dhagax daboolay baraf weligeed ah iyo baraf.

isgoyska hore ee Circle Antarctic ah

Ruush, ka fogaanaya barafka culus bari, 15 January 1820 ayaa markii ugu horeysay ka gudbeen Circle Antarctic ah. ayay maalintii dambe la kulmay jidka glaciers of Jacaylku ay. Waxay gaareen height a weyn oo fidiyey ka baxsan bidhaamayaan. Xubno ka mid ah duulaan ku daray inuu bari, laakiin had iyo jeer la kulmay qaaradda this. dhibaatadii loo xalliyay on maanta D. Cooke tixgeliyo weydey: Ruush soo dhawaaday qiyaas "qaarada baraf" ee waqooyi bari uu ka yar yahay 3 km. In 110 sano baraf ah ee Jacaylku arkay whalers Norway. Waxay wac qaaradda this Princess Martha Coast.

Dhowr qiyaasida in waynaha iyo ogaanshaha ee shelf baraf

"Vostok" iyo "Peace", isku dayaya in ay ka bari hesho baraf ku wareegsan la mari karin, 3 jeer ka badan xagaaga soo gudbay Circle Arctic ah. Waxay doonayeen in ay tagaan u dhaw in ay baallaha, laakiin aan sii tegi karin ka badan markii ugu horeysay. Marar badan maraakiibta ay ahaayeen khatar. Si kedis ah maalin cad jirsado mugdi ah, waxaa lagu da'ayo, dabaysha ayaa ka xoog koray, oo kaabiga la noqdo gebi ahaanba aan la arki karin. In deegaanka this, shelf barafka la helay, loo magacaabay 1960-kii oo lagu sharfayo Lazarev ah. Waxaa la baa'bin, si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax badan oo xagga woqooyi ee ay booska hadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira qalad lahayn, waxaa hadda la aasaasay, armaajo oo baraf ah Jacaylku waa la kala firxaday koonfurta.

Dabbaasha Ocean Hindiya iyo meelaha baabuurta la dhigto ee Sydney

Waxaa dhamaaday leh xagaaga Antarctic gaaban. In 1820, horraantii bishii March, "Peace" iyo "East" qaybsadeen in heshiiska si loo sahamiyo loolka 50aad ee Badweynta Hindiya ee koonfurta-bari. Waxa ay la kulmeen bishii April ee Sydney oo halkaas joogay muddo bil ah. Bellingshausen iyo Lazarev ee July baaro Jasiiradaha Tuamotu ah, halkan helay tiro ka mid ah bed gaadhaya deggan yahay, taas oo aan la baa'bin oo iyaga lagu magacaabay in sharaf of dowlada Ruush, Guud iyo admirals.

daahfurtay in dheeraad ah

K. Thorson degay markii ugu horeysay on fadhiyaa bed ku Greig iyo Moller. Oo ku yaalla galbeedka iyo bartamaha Tuamotu ayaa lagu magacaabay Bellingshausen ku saabsan waxaad-Russia. Gobollada waqooyi-galbeed ee jasiiradda on map ka muuqday Lazarev. Maraakiibta halkaas ka Tahiti. August 1 ilaa xagga woqooyi, waxay isaga ku saabsan helay. East, iyo 19 August oo ay jidka ku soo celin Sydney ogaaday in ay koonfur-bari ee Fiji ayaa jasiiradaha dhowr, oo ay ku jiraan Islands Simonov iyo Mikhailov.

weerar New on waynaha

Bishii November 1820, ka dib markii la dhigto ee Port Jackson, duulaan ku tegey "dhulweynaha floe baraf" iyo hor joogsaday duufaan xoog leh bartamaha bisha December. Sloops saddex gudbay Circle Arctic ah. Laba jeer waxay ahaayeen kuwo u dhow dhulweynaha ma habboon tahay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, markii saddexaad si ay u arkaan Aayaad Cad Cad ee dalka. In 1821, January 10th, duulaan ku dhaqaaqay koonfureed, laakiin waxaa lagu qasbay in ay dib u qaxaya hore barafka soo baxay. Ruush, jeestay bari, wuxuu arkay dhowr saacadood xeebta. Island daboolay baraf, ayaa loo magacaabay in sharaf of Peter I.

Furitaanka Alexander I Coast

On January 15, marka cimiladu waa sahamiyayaal Antarctic cad arkay dalka koonfurta. Iyadoo "Peace" furay headland xiran wareegeen meel buuraha hooseeyo strip cidhiidhi ah, oo leh "East" jiray xeebaha buuraleyda la arki karo. Bellingshausen isaga loo yaqaan "Iska Alexander I". Hel marayo isaga, maxaa yeelay barafka adag, nasiib darro, waxa ay ku guuldareysteen. Bellingshausen mar kale koonfurta noqdeen oo waxay tageen gelin Gudbinta Drake, halkan helay New Shetland, furan W. Smith. Horseedka Jacaylku baarayo iyada oo la ogaaday in ay tahay silsilad ah jasiiradaha in la kordhiyo ku dhawaad 600 km bari. Qaar ka mid ah South Shetland Islands ayaa loo magacaabay in xusuustiisa dagaallada ka dhanka ah Napoleon.

Natiijada duulaan ku

January 30, waxaa la ogaaday in "East" habayn weyn oo loo baahan yahay, oo waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay soo jeedin xagga woqooyi. In 1821, July 24, sloop si Kronstadt soo laabtay, safarka ah 751 maalmood ka dib. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, ka discoverers of Jacaylku socdeen 527 maalmood, iyo 122 oo ka mid ah - xagga koonfureed oo 60 ° S. w.

Sida ay natiijada ka duulaan juquraafi kaamilka ahaa ugu weyn ee qarnigii 19aad iyo ugu horeysay ee taariikhda Antarctic Ruush ah duulaan. Qayb cusub oo ka mid ah dunida oo la ogaaday, ka dib markii loo magacaabay Antarctic ah. By qararkiisa oo 9 jeer soo dhawaaday, ayaa baxriyiintii Ruush, iyo afar ayaa u dhowaanin fogaan ah 3-15 km. Discoverers of Jacaylku markii ugu horeysay ku tilmaamay la jaarka ah "qaarada baraf" biyihii weyn, xogo iyo ku tilmaamay qaaradda barafka, iyo guud ahaan waa kala soocista saxda ah ee ay cimilada. 28 shay ayaa la suureeyey Jacaylku, oo dhan oo iyaga ka helay magaca Ruush. In kulaale, iyo latitudes koonfurta sare lagu soo dajiyey 29 jasiiradaha.