Red Kitaabka ee gobolka Tyumen ah: dhirta, xoolaha, shimbiraha

Gobolka Tyumen waa qayb ka mid ah reer galbeedka Siberia. xaaladaha dabiiciga ah Its waa kuwo xad-dhaaf ah, laakiin dhirta iyo ugaarta waa mid aad u qani ah. qaaraan A la taaban karo si ay daryeel sameynayo Kitaabka Cas ee gobolka Tyumen ah.

A yar oo ku saabsan degaanka

Gobolka Tyumen waa qayb ka mid ah Degmada Federaalka Urals iyo iska leh gobolka Western Siberia. Wada jir ah ula gobollada ismaamul soo taagay soohdimaha koonfureed ee dalka ka xeebaha badweynta Arctic ah. Wadaagtaa Arkhangelsk, Kurgan, Omsk, Degmada Sverdlovsk, Komi, gobolka Krasnoyarsk iyo Kazakhstan.

Gobolka waa meel saddexaad ee ugu weyn (1.4 M. sq. Km). Its dadka waa 3.6 milyan oo qof. Maamulka gobolka Tyumen ku yaalo magaalada ugu weyn ee - Tyumen, kaas oo noqday magaalada ugu horeysay ee Russian ah ee Siberia ee 1586.

Ka hor inta in, gobolka la degganaa oo ay Mansi, Khanty, Selkup, Nenets ama Samoyeds, iyo qabiilooyinka Turkic qaaday qaab muddo koox jinsi ee Siberian tataarka. Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii XIV ah, dhulka qayb ka mid ah gobolka Tyumen ah, ka dibna wuxuu ahaa Khanate Siberian ah. In 1582kii baayacmushtariyaasha Ural by Cossacks kiraystay guulaystay dalalkan, jabiyo Khanate ah. Currently dadweynaha guud - Ruush.

Hadda oo duurka ku ah horumarinta warshadaha korontada, warshadaha shidaalka, Muga ka mid ah taas oo kaalinta koowaad ee Russia. dhir laga sameeyey, stock alwaax waa in ka badan hal bilyan oo mitir oo saddex jibbaaran. In beeraha, baaraandegi% ka mid ah dalka kaliya 3.

Nature iyo Juqraafiga

Waayo, ay size gobolka waa labaad oo kaliya in ay gobolka Krasnoyarsk iyo Yakutia. Gobolka waxaa ku yaalaan Dhuldhoobo ah, oo lamadegaanka cidhifka woqooyi, Dhuldhoobo kaynta, taiga, kaynta iyo kaymaha isku qasan. In ka badan 90% dhulka loo arkaa in ay North Fog.

xaaladaha dabiiciga ah iyo cimilada waa adag halkan. Muddada uu baraf ee dhibcood kala duwan ee gobolka u dhaxeysa 140 ilaa 200 oo maalmood. Celceliska January heerkulka u dhaxeysa - 16 - 26 ^C. In xagaaga, heerkulka celcelis ahaan lagu hayaa agagaarka qiyaastii 19 degrees.

dhul waa bannaanka u badan flat. kaymaha Taiga daboolo inta badan aagga. In qaybaha koonfureed ee aagga Dhirta moorland iyo kaynta-steppe. dabiiciga ah ee gobolka Tyumen waa hodan oo kala duwan, inkastoo ay xaalado aad u adag.

gobolka waxa uu leeyahay in ka badan 70 kun oo webi iyo durdurro leh, oo ku saabsan harooyinka isku. Dhererka guud ee webiyaasha - 10 kiiloomitir. Webiyaasha ugu weyn waa Irtysh, Tobol, Ishish. Waxay yihiin kaydadka ku yaal iyo dhirta korontada. In qaybta koonfureed ee harooyinka caadiga ah cusbada gudaha ee qaybta bartamaha iyo waqooyiga - dhiiqo iyo thermokarst.

Red Kitaabka ee gobolka Tyumen ah

Liiska Full xayawaanaadka sii dabar go'aya, go'aya iyo naadir ah, dhirta iyo fangaska ku qoran Kitaabka Cas ee gobolka. Maamulka Gobolka Tyumen amray dib abuurka ay sanadkii 1999. CUSBOONAYSIINTA iyo sii daayo reissues buugaagta, madaxda maxalliga ah ayaa loo baahan yahay qiyaastii shan iyo toban sano oo kasta.

Kitaabka Cas ee gobolka Tyumen ka mid ah 711 oo noocyada, ka badan 250 nooc oo dhirta iyo fangaska iyo lichens. Waxay ka kooban tahay lix (oo ay ku jiraan eber) oo ka mid ah qaybaha ugu muhiimsan, taas oo ku xidhan inta uu la egyahay noolaha. Sidaas darteed, qaybta shanaad (V) oo macnaheedu yahay noocyada a kuwaas oo tiradoodu waa la dhimay iyo ma u baahan tahay tallaabo dheeraad ah qofka.

By Category IV yihiin noocyada kala duwan ee macluumaadka ay ka mid yihiin dadka ma ama aad u yar. category saddexaad ka mid ah noocyada dhif ah oo goosgoos ah ama gud, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - in la yareeyo, in ay marka hore ka - halis. Zero ku jira macluumaad ku saabsan noocyada bakhtiyeen badan tahay ee dhirta iyo ugaarta, iyo macluumaadka iyaga ku saabsan ma aha in ka badan nus qarni ah.

nuujiya

Xayawaanka Kitaabka Cas ee gobolka Tyumen la soo bandhigay mid ka mid ah liiska, oo u kala qaybsan yihiin-qaybaha hoosaadka, iyadoo ku xiran ay nooc, fasalka, ama koox. ku qoran bakaylaha badda (category III) dhexdooda nuujiya - Wakiilka shaabadood. Factor la yareeyo faafidda, sidoo kale xayawaanka kale, waa wasakhda, ugaadhsiga sharci darrada ah.

noocyada Rare: bakaylaha Yurub, jerboa weyn, Korsak, orso oo kala horjeeda, Deerada. Tirada hamster iyo waqooyiga pikas Jungar aad bay u kala duwan yihiin iyo waxay ku xiran tahay xaaladaha cimilada - xilliyada abaarta, roob, baraf.

Ugaarsiga iyo la'aanta khayraadka cuntada, la yareeyo tirada walruses, narwhals woqooyi ka tirsan qaybta II. Waayo, sababo isku mid ah, nibiriga bowhead ah, oo ku nool Badda Kara ah, waa noocyada khatar. ka lumay ee wajiga iyo minkiga Yurub, kuwaas oo si firfircoon ay barakiyeen minkiga American.

Fish, lafdhabarka, cayayaanka

Red Book Hagidda gobolka Tyumen 10 noocyada kalluunka iyo cyclostomes, 7 lafdhabarka iyo lafdhabarka, in ka badan 100 cayayaanka. sababaha dabiiciga ah ayaa saamaysay kaliya by tirada bullhead, kalluunka iyo kuwa kale cyclostomes (kalluun, salmon cad, sturgeon Siberian iyo D. sidaas on.) Ma u dhimanaya sababtoo ah hawlaha aadanaha.

Waxaa ka mid ah xamaarato iyo lafdhabarka waxaa loo tixgeliyaa dhif legless qorratada fragilis Anguis, sidoo kale, iyo sidoo kale rihii caadi ah. Arintaan waxaa loo yaqaan in uu leeyahay ur af badan oo toon ah. salamander Siberian iyo Newt u nugul yihiin, oo u baahan noocyada daryeelka, masaska macaan oo rihii cawska si degdeg ah hoos u tiro.

List of cayayaanka Kitaabka Red waa weyn yahay. noocyada Rare waa tarantulas Ruush koonfurta - ka caarada weyn ee gobolka. Sidoo kale in this category muuqan dragonflies qaar ka mid ah, cicadas buurta, kuwa lamid ah, kuwa lamid ah muddo dheer guumaysgeesaleyda, weevils, nooca ladybirds, oo waa laba iyo tobankii baro. barbel wareega Grassy waxaa loo tixgeliyaa halis.

shimbiraha

Shimbiraha gobolka Tyumen ah, ee ku qoran sida halis, tirintii 117 noocyada. Kuwaas oo kala ah, 74 noocyada u baahan la socosho joogto ah oo ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah qofka, maxaa yeelay, iyagu dhif iyo nugul yihiin. Ka mid ah, kuwaas oo nooc ka mid ah petrel loo yaqaan doqon ah, shelduck duck, Siberian iyo eider caadi ah, gorgorka griffon, krechanka, moorhen. Shimbiraha Kuwani waxay ku qoran yihiin bogga u dambeeya ee buugga.

bogga ugu weyn ee ku siinayaa macluumaad badan oo ku saabsan kasta, kuwaas oo ay jiraan 43. The halis Savka, abeeso gorgor, wiishashka, Siberian Cranes. Waxaa ka mid dhif ah oo hoos u tiro ka mid ah noocyada muuqan Dalmatian guumaysta cantalyaaga, Flamingo, gorgor barbaraha weyn, guumaysgeesaleyda Bewick ee, saratoosiyaha.

Warku xagga dib u soo kabashada dadka lagu arkay guumaysgeesaleyda carrab la 'iyo xeebajoogta. noocyada bakhtiyeen waxaa loo tixgeliyaa bustard, kestrel yar, curlew dhagax iyo bustard yar.

dhirta

In ka badan laba boqol oo noocyada of flora wuxuu diyaariyaa Red Book of Gobolka Tyumen ah. Geedaha kala qaybsan yihiin angiosperms, ferns, bryophytes iyo plaunoobraznye. Ka mid ah angiosperms dhif iyo hoos u tiro jira noocyo qaar ka mid ah basasha (kaa dhaga, ganaax meshed), dareemaduna (dabacsan, buuraleyda, xeebta), Rhynchospora Alba. Ruush baaba'aa iris, dhiiqo kalamus.

Ka mid ah ferns ay suulaan oo lanceolate waran-qaabeeya moonwort mnogoryadnik. The noocyada haray waa dhif iyo naadir ama si firfircoon hoos u tiro. Tusaale ahaan, Alpine Woods, iyo qaar ka mid ah colutea Dryopteris. Ka mid ah ajada iyo ajada, fiiro u baahan yihiin Baranez, likopodiella, enkalipta, Meese.

Arrinta la yareeyo dhirta badan yahay macdanta. hawlgallada engeeg in miinooyinka keeni burburinta ay Habitat dabiiciga ah. Xanuunsadaa, tusaale ahaan, skrytokuchnitsa kuweyga, Kosten cagaaran, oo ku yaalla on dalcadaha nuuradda.

Fungi iyo lichens

Tirada guud ee fangaska iyo lichens kitaabkii - in ku dhow soddon. From fangaska la cuni karo oo la odhan karaa dhexroor cad Boletus mararka gaadho cap 25 sentimitir. Waxaa koraa meelo har leh ee dibadeed ah iyo kaymaha Aspen. caninus mutinus qalaad-raadinta waa la cuni karo oo keliya marka ay tahay in qolof ukunta.

Waxaa loo tixgeliyaa kamuuqdo dhif iyo Polypore cirro-jaalle ah, onniya dareemay, datroniya, abortipus labadii sannoba hal, coralloides hericium. A dhif cortinarius guduud sidoo kale loo arkaa la cuni karo. Waxa intaa dheer in gobolka Tyumen ah, waxaa la helay in ay Dhulalka Primorsky iyo Krasnoyarsk.

Waxaa ka mid ah lichens dhif yihiin asahineya Scholander, Hudson omfalina, ku qoran Kitaabka Cas ee Russia. Sababta ay eynu ayaa noqonaya hawlaha dhaqaale iyo dalxiiska ee qofka. Waayo, libdho factor yareysey sambabada Lobar waa wasakhda hawada.

zones Protection

Kaydka iyo kaydka ee gobolka Tyumen ku adkeeyey ilaalinta dhirta iyo xayawaanka noocyada, iyo in nafo la Bbc dabiiciga ah qiimo leh. The kaydka kulanka ugu weyn ee gobolka waa Kunyaksky, Vikulov iyo Tyumen.

Total reserve laba federaalka iyo 95 muhiimadda gobolka. In goobta Ugra iyo Yamal leedahay afar meelaha la ilaaliyo - Taz sare, Yugansky, "ala Sosva" Nature Reserve iyo Gyda.

Upper Taz Reserve waxa uu ku yaalaa on dalcadaha buuraha ilaa 50 mitir ee height. On dhul badan oo webiyada iyo webiyada ay noqotay mid meel fiican ee nolosha xoolaha dhif iyo dhirta. Waxay hoy u tahay dhif ah Siberian salamander, qorratada, mas, wolverine, faras duur, koraan geedaha kedar la yidhaahdo, gran, larch.