Raashinka cunto hareereeyey Leningrad: Go'doominta raashinka

raashinka cunto hareereeyey Leningrad Waxay si cad u qeexay ayaa loogu talagalay qeybaha kala duwan ee dadweynaha. Waxa ay ahayd sida kaliya oo surest in la qaybiyo alaabta, taas oo ku siinaysaa rajo u ah nolosha. Sidee baa suurto gal ah in ay ku noolaadaan, magaalada qabow la go'doomiyey, heli gacmahaaga on kaliya 125 garaam oo kibis maalin? Jawaabta su'aashan ku jirto gacanta aadka u badan ee dadka oo ruux oo ka mid ah wakhtiga iyo iimaanka liicliicashola'aan ee guusha. The Go'doonsan of Leningrad - sheeko aad u baahan tahay in la ogaado oo la xasuusto feat ugu magaca dadka noloshooda ku allabaryi jiray oo ka badbaaday go'doomintii ugu cabsida badan taariikhda aadanaha.

Go'doominta: Taariikhda

900 maalmood, kaas oo socday muddo ka September 1941 ilaa January 1944, waxay hoos ugu dhaadhacday in taariikhda maalmaha ugu naxdinta sheegay in ugu yaraan 800,000 oo noloshooda ka mid ah dadka magaalada deggan.

Leningrad qabsadeen meel muhiim ah marka la eego Command Jarmal ah, kaas oo la odhan jiray "Barbarossa". Ka dib oo dhan, magaaladan, sida uu xeeladda ku dhismay Marshal Jarmal Field ee Paulus, lahaa in ay hor qabsashadii Moscow. Qorshaha Hitler ayaa loo dhoofiyay in ay ku fashilmaan. Daafacyada ee Leningrad aan la oggol yahay in ay qabsadaan magaalada. Beddelantay qalcaddayda ah milmin Leningrad ayaa muddo dheer lagu qabtay dhaqdhaqaaqa ciidanka Jarmal dalka.

magaalada hareeraysnayd ahaa, ka sokow Jarmalka ay bilaabeen in ay si firfircoon Leningrad, madaafiic culus iyo diyaaradaha baabbi'in.

The dhibtani ugu daran

Abaarta - in ka kaas oo inta badan la asiibay dadweynaha ee Leningrad. By magaalada hareereeyey la xirey jidka oo dhan, taas oo ka dhigtay in ay suurto gal ah in samatabbixin badeecada. Dadka reer Leningrad ayaa keligiis ayuu hadhay iyo dhibaatooyinkoodii.

raashinka cunto hareereeyey Leningrad hoos jiray 5 jeer. Abaarta ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in waqtiga go'doominta magaalada ma lahayn shidaalka iyo cuntada sahay ku filan. Lake Ladoga - Jidka kaliya in uu ahaa keenista cuntada ay suurtogal tahay, laakiin waxaa macquul ah ee habkan waxyaabaha tahriibiyay ma daboolo baahida dadka degan Leningrad.

gaajo Mass waxaa adag xataa xilliga qabowga daran, boqolaal kun oo dadka ma awoodaan si ay u noolaadaan magaalada hareereeyey.

raashin ah Leningrad

In ka badan 2 milyan oo qof oo rayid ah oo ku nool Leningrad waqtiga go'doominta. Marka cadowgu waxay bilaabeen inay si firfircoon uga baabbi'in magaalada, duqeynta, qaraxyo iyo dabka u noqday joogta ah, dad badan oo isku dayay inuu ka tago magaalada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wadooyinka oo dhan la hor istaagay kalsoonaan karo.

On the beeraha beeraha gobolka heli magaalada hareereeyey si taxadar leh ururiyay wax kasta oo la cuni karin. Laakiin qiyaastaas oo aan ku badbaadi gaajo. Horeba on November 20, raashin oo kibis ah Leningrad la go'doomiyey la jaray markii shanaad. Ka sokow kibis, dadka shiidaa waxba. Tani waxa ay ahayd bilaabo raashin muddada gaajo daran ee taariikhda Leningrad.

Runta ku saabsan abaar: celisa dokumentiyadii taariikhiga ahaa

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, gaajada mass of Leningrad qarinaayay xaqiiqooyinka. difaaca madaxda magaalada si kasta ka hor joogsateen ah ee macluumaadka ku saabsan musiibadii ee warbaahinta print ah. Markii uu dagaalku dhamaaday, xanibaadda ee Leningrad loo arkay masiibo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tallaabooyinka in xukuumaddu ay qaaday ee la xidhiidha gudbo gaajo, si dhib leh ka bixisay dareenka kasta.

Haddaba uruuriyaa dukumentiyada ka archives Leningrad baxey dhigo mid suurto gal ah in nuurka ku daatay oo su'aashan.

Cariishyada Nuur on macluumaadka ku saabsan "Tsentrzagotzerno" gaajo xafiiska Leningrad. From dukumentigan, oo wargelinaysaa ku saabsan xaaladda sahay hadhuudh qeybtii labaad ee 1941, waxaad ka arki kartaa in July ee isla sannadkaas, xaaladda sahay hadhuudh ahaayeen dhagan. Sidaa darteed waxaa la go'aamiyay inuu ku soo laabto steamers Port hadhuudh in ay dhoofinaysay.

Inkasta oo ay jiraan ahaa macquul ah tareenada ee hab degdeg ah magaalada ayaa gaadiid isugu darey in taas hadhuudhka ahaa. Tallaabooyinkan waxay qeyb ka xaqiiqda ah in ilaa November 1941 warshadaha rootiga ka shaqeeya oo aan la dhexgelin.

Maxaa horseeday saqafka link rail

Xaaladda military si fudud u dalbaday in raashin ah kibis maalin walba hareereeyey Leningrad waxa uu kordhay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la xidhiidha tareenka ayaa la xidhay, khayraadka cuntada ayaa si weyn hoos u dhacay. Horeba September 1941, Cuntada koro gunti.

Raashin oo kibis ah in ay dadka degan hareeraha ka Leningrad waxaa soo maratay hoos u. Muddo ka September si November ee sannadkii koowaad ee dagaalka ka shaqeeya, kuwaas oo helay 800 g, waxay bilaabeen in ay soo saaraan oo keliya 250 ka mid ah shaqaalaha kuwa kasban 600 g, raashin hoos u dhigay 125, tiro la mid ah oo kibis ah oo bilaabay in ay caruurta horay isku hallaysay 400 siin magaalada

Sida ay soo koobikaro NKVD ee gobolka Leningrad, dadka dhimashada xad dhaaf ah u kordhay. Gaar ahaan calool xumaaday dadka Go'doominta ka badan 40 sano jir iyo ilmaha yaryar.

Taariikhaha hoos heerarka oo kibis ah Leningrad la go'doomiyey

Raashin oo kibis ah in ay dadweynaha ka hor inta go'doominta jirey. Sida laga soo xigtay dokumentiyo arkiifiyo, on September 2, 1941 ugu (800 g) waxaa laga heli military oo ka shaqeeya dukaamada kulul. 200 g of maleeyeen shaqada ka yar, shaqada ee warshadaha. Half of kulul warshad shaqada diyaariyey shaqaalaha raashinka kabida, kuwaas oo ahaa 400 oo carruur ah oo kugu tiirsan la siiyey 300 g oo kibis ah.

September 11, maalintii 4aad go'doominta, dhammaan xeerarka bixinta raashin shaqaalaha iyo shaqaalaha ayaa la dhimayaa 100 g

October 1, 1941 heerarka kibis ah Leningrad la go'doomiyey ayaa mar kale hoos u, waayo, shaqaalaha at 100 g, carruurta iyo tiirsan la siiyey 200 g

November 13 ahaa heerarka kale cut. Iyo 7 maalmood, 20 November ka dib, waxay haddana u go'aansadeen in ay dhaqaalaha u daran ee kaydka hadhuudhka. The raashin kibis ugu yar ee hareereeyey Leningrad ayaa loo aqoonsaday - 125 g

Xiliga laga November 20 ilaa December 25, 1941 waxaa loo arkaa ugu adag ee taariikhda la hareereeyo, sababtoo ah waa waqti marka raashinka la dhimay si ugu yaraan. Muddadan, saraakiisha, carruurta iyo tiirsan helay wadar ahaan 125 garaam oo kibis ah, 250 garaam oo shaqaalaha rumaysan, iyo kuwa shaqeeyey dukaamada kulul - 375 Weekend raashin cunto hareereeyey Leningrad ahaa xaqiiqada ah in badan oo dadka degan magaalada Kanu miyaanu ku noolaan kari waayeen muddo. Iyada oo aan lahayn sahay cunto, qof ayaa dilka lagu xukumay. Ka dib oo dhan, marka lagu daro urursan 125 g oo kibis ah ayuu hareereeyey, waxay waxba ma lahayn. Oo tanu waxay raashin ku shubtaa sababta oo ah qaraxyada waxaa had iyo jeer ma soo saaray.

Tan iyo markii 25 December, raashin caadi kibis ee dhammaan qaybaha keenista dadka ka bilaabeen inay soo baxaan, waxa uu siiyaa ma aha oo kaliya in ay ku qasbi muwaadiniinta, laakiin sidoo kale waxay rumaysan yihiin in guushii ay ka gaareen cadowga.

raashinka cunto hareereeyey Leningrad way sii kordheen oo sabab u ah dhibbanayaasha oo ka mid ah dad badan oo la siiyo hawlaha of Road of Life ee guud ahaan Lake Ladoga. Oo cadaawaha ugu naxariis darro ah duqeeyeen xarun gurmadka, taas oo loo ogol yahay ma aha oo kaliya si ay ula qabsadaan sahayda ee ahaa hadhuudh in magaalada, laakiin sidoo kale in ay ka baxaan dadka. Inta badan baraf jilicsan sabab u ahaa in mishiinka hadhuudh ah oo kaliya maanshaynay.

In 1942, hadhuudhkii ka hoose ee badda ay bilaabeen si aad u hesho kala duwan. shaqada geesinimada ah ee dadkan, waayo, waxay lahaayeen in ay ka shaqeeyaan hoos dab cadowga. First, baaldiyo hadhuudh gacanta soo qaateen. Later ujeedadaas aan isticmaalo bamka gaar ah waxaa loogu talagalay nadiifinta ciidda.

From oo kibis waxaa dubay Go'doominta

Kaydka hadhuudh magaalada ahaa yar. Sidaa darteed, kibis go'doominta ahayd mid aad u kala duwan oo ka soo saarka dhaqanka dubay noo. Marka bur la dubayo lagu daray in nijaasta inedible kala duwan si loo badbaadiyo qayb ugu weyn ee la karinayo. Waa in la ogaadaa in nijaasta inta badan inedible ahaa in ka badan kala bar.

Si loo yareeyo isticmaalka bur, wax soo saarka biirka la joojiyey ka September 23. All kaydka oo shaciir ah, bran, malt iyo Landkruusaro loo soo diray in dubayaasha ah. Tan iyo markii ay 24 September, kibista bilaabay inuu ku dar buunshihii sareeen, cellulose, oo ciidda ka dib qamadiga.

Ka dib markii 25 December, 1941 nijaasta ka dhow ee la waayay. Laakiin waxa ugu muhiimsan - ka la joogo in ku saabsan raashinka cunto hareereeyey Leningrad, kuwaas oo sawiro laga arki karaa article ayaa kor u kacay.

Xaqiiqooyin iyo tirooyin

Intii lagu guda jiray go'doominta gayiga habsami samaynta dubayaasha kibis 6.

Laga soo bilaabo bilowgii kibis xanibaadda ka bur dubay, kaas oo intaa ku daray malt, miro iyo iminka faaruq ah. About 8000 tan oo malt iyo 5000 oo tan oo miro la isticmaalay sida wax wasakh la cuni karo.

Later, waxaa la ogaadey cuntada cottonseed in cadadka 4 kun oo metric. Seynisyahanno ku sameeyay tijaabo dhowr ah in ay muujiyeen in heerkulka sare walaxda oo sun ah ku jira ka kooban of cake, waa la wada baabbi'iyey. Sidaas kibista hareereeyey waxay bilaabeen inay soo galaan dheeraad ah iyo qurbaankiisa hadhuudhka ah cottonseed.

Years mari, ka tago dadka goob joog muddo laga cabsado, tagaa sheekada. Oo mar aan awoodno si loo ilaaliyo xasuusta go'doominta laga cabsado, oo magaaladii Leningrad guuleystay. Xusuusnow! Waayo, feat ee nool iyo dadka dhintay Leningrad!