Madaxweynaha dalka Jarmalka Joachim Gauck

In 2012, Germany doortay Madaxweynaha - waxay ahayd Joachim Gauck. Intii lagu guda jiray ololihii doorashada uu ku guuleystay 991 cod ka helay xubnaha qaran iyo gobol ee baarlamaanka, halka uu soo horjeeda ugu weyn - Bute Klarsfeld (126 votes).

A hore Lutheran wadaad, dhaqdhaqaaqe, Gauck uusan ka tirsan xisbiyada siyaasadda. Waxa uu ku guuleystay sumcad sare oo war adag ee views uu xitaa ku saabsan arrimaha lagu muransan yahay. 80% ka mid ah dadweynaha Jarmal isaga ka fiirsan qof lagu kalsoonaan karo. Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in taageero Chancellor Angela Merkel ee doorashada madaxweynaha ahaa Gauck, ma Kristiana Vulfa (calaamad wajiga siyaasadda Jarmal).

Joachim Gauck: Biography

Waxa uu ku dhashay 1940 magaalada Rostock. Head of qoyska, aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa sarkaal ciidamada badda distinguished, kabtanka markabka. Ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, Communists jiraa qaybta bari ee Germany, halkaas oo uu ku noolaa Gauk, waxaa galay Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Jarmal (GDR). In 1951, aabbihiis loo diray Siberia by Ciidamada Soviet. In 1955, uu saamaxay, oo wuxuu Rostock soo laabtay.

Joachim carruurnimada ka danbeeya "daah bir ah" ku qaatay. Oo sidii qof weyn oo uu bilaabo inuu u dhaqmaan ka dhanka ah dawladda ee East Germany iyo fikradaha of hantiwadaagga. Wuxuu diiday inuu ku biiro madaxda sare ee Dhalinyarada Free Jarmal, ku biiro koox ka soo horjeeda in wadaag. Xitaa booliska ammaanka gobolka ( "Stasi") wuxuu u maleeyey inuu ahaa mucaaradka ah oo asaaggay ah oo isaga siiyay in ay ku celiyaan qaddar ee aabbihiis.

Pastor-anticommunist

Joachim Gauck waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay dowladda sida incorrigible anti-communist. Sidaa darteed, isagu ma waxaa loo oggolaaday inaad wax ka barato saxaafadda. Halkii, ayuu bartay fiqiga ee Jaamacadda Rostock oo noqday wadaad ah in kiniisadda dadwaynaha ee Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Laakiin xubnaha ammaanka gobolka sii waday in ay ku baaqaan in isaga, tan waxaa loola jeedaa in Masiixiyaddu shaki.

Waxa intaa dheer in uu post Gauck noqday gobolka iyo wadaad dhalinyarada degmada Rostock.

Career iyo Revolution

Intii lagu guda jiray kacdoonkii nabadeed ee 1989 mustaqbalka Madaxweynaha Germany Joachim Gauck biiray xisbiga dimoqraadiga mucaaradka "New Forum". In ururkan, wuxuu tusay isaga qudhiisa in ay noqon arrin firfircoon, si ay markii dambe noqday guddoomiyaha.

In March 1990 ayuu waxaa loo doortay in Dadka Chamber, kaas oo Ciyaalle leh labada dhinac kale oo dimuqraadi ah si ay u sameeyaan "ayuu Alliance-90."

Isla sanadkaas ka dib markii uu xisbiga Joachim Gauck noqday madaxa archives gaarka ah ee booliska qarsoodi ah "Stasi". Ka dib markii uu xilsaaray in ay baaraan qabriga dambiyada communist. In meel this, isna wuxuu u adeegay ilaa 10 sano.

Wada jir ah ula Jens Reich, Ulrike Poppe iyo saddex u dhaqdhaqaaqa kale Gauck noqday wakiilka mucaaradka ee GDR ah. Markaasuu wuxuu la gudoonsiiyey Bilad Theodor- ku Heuss.

shaqada masuul ka

Laga soo bilaabo 1990 ilaa 2000, Gauck intii uu shaqada la archives qarsoon helay kun oo dad ah kuwaas oo la "Stasi" iska kaashaday oo qaawan hawlaha mucaaradka. Sidaas darteed, dad badan ayaa shaqo beelay ee qaybta dadweynaha. In 1995, Gauck abaal "Federaalka Cross" adeegyada fasalka ugu horeeya.

Intaa waxaa dheer, madaxweynaha mustaqbalka Joachim Gauck xuquuqda aadanaha istaagay oo carabka ku adkeeyay muhiimadda ay leedahay in la hubiyo in taariikhda wadaag ee bariga iyo badhtamaha Europe lama hareeyay Zaman ee Reich Saddexaad.

In 1998, Gauck ayaa daabacay buugga «Black Book of shuuciyad», halkaas oo uu ku soo bandhigay fekerkiisa on Socialism Qaranka iyo shuuciyad. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa saxiixayaasha hore ee "Baaqa Prague on Damiirku Yurub iyo shuuciyad" (2008) iyo "Baaqa ku saabsan dambiyada of shuuciyad" (2010) ahaa. Jarmalka Chancellor Angela Merkel oo ku saabsan sanad-guuradii 70-sano ee Joachim ay mahadiyeen ay shuqulkiisa u sameeyaan daalin oo duurka ku ah horumarinta tirtiridda shuuciyad iyo noocyada kale ee totalitarianism.

Beddelidda jagooyinka

In 2000, Guddoomiyaha Federaalka ah falalka adeegyada ammaanka ee GDR hore uu noqdo Marianne Birthler. Gauck ayaa ka tagay meel this, sida uu sharcigu u dooran kartaa wax ka badan laba jeer muddo shan sano gudahood.

In 2001 wuxuu noqday xubin ka mid ah Guddiga ka mid ah "Center Monitoring European on Cunsuriyadda iyo naceeb".

In 2003, madaxweynaha xiligan ee Germany helay abaalmarinta Bad Iburger Courage-Preises falalka aad u dhiirranow. Isla sanadkaas ayuu loo doortay guddoomiyaha ururka "Against lagay -. Dimuqraadiyadda"

In 2004, Gauck ayaa la casriyeeyay bandhiga "raad Dulmi", ka go'an in ay dhibanayaasha ah ee Nazi Military Justice in Torgau.

Yuu yahay madaxweynaha Germany?

In 2010, uu is casilay Madaxweynaha dalka Jarmalka Horst Köhler of nabaad moral in dadka iyo dawladda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dad badan oo u maleeyey inuu ahaa madaxweynaha ugu fiican sababtoo ah daacadnimo iyo dulqaad.

Sida musharax u taagan jagada Madaxweynaha Gauck ayaa loo magacaabay by dhinacyada SPD iyo Bündnis 90 / dhinta Grünen. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wareegii saddexaad ee doorashada uu ku guuleysto Ra'iisul Wasaaraha of Hoose Saxony Kristian Vulf.

In 2012, helo 991 cod, Joachim Gauck Guuleystay Bute Klarsfeld oo uu noqdo Madaxweynaha Germany.

daqiiqad gaar ah

"Waxa la yaab leh Sunday," - ayaa sheegay in dhawaan la doortay Jarmal Madaxweynaha Gauck bilowga ah ee uu hadal gaaban ka dib markii lagu dhawaaqay natiijada doorashada. Waxa uu si degdeg ah ayaa sheegay in uu doonayo in uu diiradda ku saabsan mawduucyada muhiimka ah iyo arrimaha muhiimka u ah Yurub iyo adduunka.

xubnaha soo shireen baarlamaanka ee Jarmal Bundestag 23 March 2012 Gauck ka hor intii aan la dhaariyay.

Gargaarkiisa ahayd arrin la saadaalin karo. Arrintan waxa xaqiijiyay baadhitaan ay sameeyeen ARD television channel, taas oo lagu ogaaday in 80% Jarmalka isaga ka fiirso sida nin qumman of trust.

"The awood dareen"

Madaxweynaha dalka Jarmalka Joachim Gauck ayaa heybad. Uu biographer Gerd Langguth sheegay in Gauck - waa kan gaari karo qalbiga qofka kasta oo hadalka.

In ay xoogga saaraan dabeecada aan la saadaalin karin, ayuu qudhiisa ayaa ugu yeedhay a "muxaafidka bidix deeqsi ah" ama "bidix burjuwaasiga ah".

Sueddeutsche Zeitung doodaysaa in ay xoogga ugu weyn ee dadka ku wacdiyey. Wuxuu intaa ku daray in mararka qaar waa tayada dareenka noqon kartaa wax adag, "Isaga oo fikirrada iyo erayada iyo mararka qaar falalka, waxaa aad u adag in la saadaaliyo. Oo dhibtaa dadka qaar ka mid ah. "

statements daacad ah ka Madaxweynaha mid ka mid ah dalalka ugu awoodda badan dunida oo dhan, waxa ay noqon karaan hirarka xoogan oo ka fog u safarto oo laga yaabaa in daboolaa ma aha oo kaliya aragtiyada dadka caadiga ah, laakiin sidoo kale muwaadiniinta dalalka kale. Mr. Gauck ayaa noqday geesiga kooxda ee Jarmalka badan, laakiin wuxuu noqon karaa nin geesi ah in qaar ka mid ah "non-Jarmalka", sidoo kale!

Ujeedooyinka ugu weyn ee Madaxweynaha

Dabcan, ujeedada ugu weyn ee Madaxweynaha cusub ee Germany, iyo sidoo kale siyaasiyiinta kale, waxaa jira qabsashadii of Quluubta dadweynaha iyo caddaynaya iyaga in gobolka Jarmal - dal oo kibir leh xaaladda sare ay, daacadnimada iyo hufnaanta. Ka dib oo dhan, kuwanu waa tayada in hadda dhif arkay in dunida, halkaas oo siyaasadda iyo Munaafaqnimada wareejiyo mas'uuliyadda karayaan dadka kale. Dhamaan shirarka Gauck joogto ah ku dooday in habka ugu fiican ee horumarka ah ee dalka - waa in la caawiyo dadka u baahan iyo ixtiraamka dulqaad.

Madaxweynaha ayaa haatan waxaa ay sidoo kale isku dayayaan in ay la xagjirnimada garabka midig ka qabtaan. Taas macnaheedu waa in, loo arkaa in qaybo ka mid ah dastuurka, taasoo loola jeedaa in badanoo si degdeg ah xisbiyada siyaasadeed in ay diiradda saaraan fikradaha of Socialism Qaranka, shuuciyad iyo naceeb, waxay garan karaan NPD ururka sharci-darrada ah.

Waxay ku siin doonaan taageero xoog leh in xisbiyada siyaasadeed ee Germany, oo ay ku jiraan Merkel CDU ah, oo ay leeyihiin saameyn ah ku yeelan on shaqadooda.

Oo diirada u dambeeyay waa horumar ah ee xiriirka caalamiga ah dalalka kale, ay ka mid yihiin Maraykanka, sida madaxa ugu dambeeyey ee gobolka (Kristian Vulf) aan gaadhay xaalkan natiijada lahayn.

siyaasadda dibadda

Sida laga soo xigtay saynisyahano badan oo siyaasadeed, Joachim Gauck ayaa helay caanaha saxda ah ee dhaqanka siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Jarmalka. The guusha ugu muhiimsan waa uu afduubka ee fuula leniska ee la soo dhaafay of War World Labaad, iskaashi xoog leh iyo dib u heshiisiin la "deriska" juquraafi Germany uga go'an tahay is-dhexgalka Yurub, iskaashi la isku halayn karo leh Mareykanka, ganacsiga xorta ah. Germany ahaa ay guushu ku fikirka ah ammaanka ku salaysan dhowridda xuquuqda aadanaha. Iyo waxa ugu muhiimsan - waa in ay ilaaliyaan nidaamka iyo difaaco danaha ay ka baxsan marka isbedel weyn ka dhacaan dunida.

Iyada oo ku saleysan in ay waayo-aragnimo u qaadida xuquuqda aadanaha iyo sharciga ugu sarreeya Germany qaadataa Tallaabooyin xooggan si loo ilaaliyo iyo in la abuuro amar ku salaysan mabaadi'da sharciga ah ee Midowga Yurub, Qaramada Midoobay, NATO iyo ururka. Gauck ayaa la dhibtoonaya inuu gumaysiga arxan ma dabooli aasaaskii xukunka gobolka iyo non-faragelinta ay ka qayb gelin shirka ammaanka caalamiga ah.

nolosha Personal

Joachim Gauck guursaday Gerhild Radtke Hansi sannadkii 1959, inkastoo ganaax ku aabbihiis. Naagtan waxay ahayd inuu lover tan iyo carruurnimada, marka hore wuxuu iyada ku kulmeen da'da toban. wiil, Christian - In 1960 lamaanaha lahaa cunugoodii ugu horeeyay. In 1962, Martin waxa uu ku dhashay 1966 - gabadhii Gesine iyo Katharina - 1979. Dhamaadkii 1980, Christian, Martin iyo Gesine yaabaa inuu ka tago Jarmalka Bari ee Hijrooday ee Germany. Iyadoo Katharina, sida ilmo, waalidiinta aan joogay.

Carruurta Gauck sakhiray in ay takoor xoog leh oo la beeniyay xaq u leedahay in waxbarashada on qayb ka mid ah taliskii communist, maxaa yeelay, aabbihiis ahaa wadaad ah. Wiilka Christian 1987 ka tagay Germany iyo dhaqaaqay West Germany si ay waxbarashada caafimaadka. Sidaas darteed, wuxuu noqday dhakhtar xirfadeed.

In 1990, Joachim dhaco jacayl wariye Helga Hirsch - Wariyaha Warsaw for Die Zeit ee toddobaadlaha ah. Tani waxa ay ahayd sababta ugu weyn ee uu furiinka naagtiisa Gerhild ka. Siddeed sano ka dib, Helga tegey Gauk, laakiin aan si buuxda u soo baxay inuu nolosha ka - waxay ahayd shaqo ee Madaxweynaha Federaalka ah ee taliyaha.

Currently Gauck la Danielloy Shadt nool. Qoyskeeda ayaa ku hawlan wax soo saarka ee rinjiga iyo varnishes, waxay go'aansatay inay bartaan Frankfurt / Main saxaafadda. Dabadeed wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka shaqeeyo madaxa Waaxda Arrimaha Gudaha ee «Nürnberger Zeitung». Madaxweynaha mustaqbalka ee Germany, ayay kulmeen sanadkii 2000 at muxaadaro in Nuremberg.

Ka dib markii uu guur Schadt bixiyey iyada shaqo ee wargeyska oo u dhaqaaqay ninkeeda ee Berlin. Waxay si buuxda u taageersan ninkeeda ku samaynayn arrimaha siyaasadda iyo qaybsada uu farxad - uu noqday awoowe u ahaa laba iyo toban dhaleen iyo afar-awoowe.

Koobaya, waxaannu ku tirinnaa karaa in dad badan ay aaminsan yihiin in dareenka Joachim Gauck (photo soo bandhigay kor ku xusan waxa ay xaqiijin) waa hey'ad moral oo dhan ee Germany. Rating "mucaaradka hore" waxaa sii kordhaya - waxay ahayd dadweynaha Jarmal tiradaasi soo jiidasho badan Kristian Vulf. Isagu waa shakhsi caan ah oo si dhow ula xiriira kacaanka nabad GDR ah. Gauck Haddaba dhiirranaada oo cabsila'aan ku diriray caqiidadiisa, mar walba wuxuu ku hadlaa xagga qalbiga ka, iyo wixii uu sameeyey oo uu gobolka, ma illoobi doono muwaadiniinteeda.

Sidaas, hadda waxaan ku garanayaa kii Madaxweynaha Germany - wadaad Lutheran ah, dhaqdhaqaaqe anticommunist iyo qof aad u naxariis badan. bulshada Jarmal ma aha in aan micne lahayn isaga qof istaahila trust tixgeliyo. Oo uu sannado badan oo waayo-aragnimo isaga caawin doonaa si loo gaadho ahdaafta dalka in awood, Germany ayaa noqday xataa si fiican.