Liqi: nibiriga dilaaga, ama caqliga?

In aadanaha, nibiriga ORCA leeyahay sumcad isla madow iyo caddaan, iyo sidoo kale midabka ah ee uu maqaarka. Dad badan oo waxaa ka naasleey qoyska Delphinidae nibiriga-dilaaga (nibiriyada badda dilaaga) wac. ugaarsadaha badda Ruushka ayaa boqorkii reer badda uu kor dusin, sida scythe ah, fin qeexay - "nibiriga dilaaga", in kasta oo ay Ruush-ku hadla wareegyada cilmiyeed isaga loo yaqaan "Killer." magaca Laatiin u siiyey isaga inay by Linnaeus, u muuqataa sidii ORCA Orcinus. xayawaanka Kuwani waa mid aad u dahsoon, laakiin yahannada ku hawlan yihiin iyaga oo ku, ku doodaya in nibiriyada badda oo aan caadi ahayn caaqil, xoolaha bulshada, laakiin isaga iyo jawiga garoonka. Posts sida ay qasheen ahaayeen haday buunbuuniyey.

nibiriyada badda Killer waxaa laga helaa oo dhan badaha iyo badaha, marka laga reebo gudaha ah. Waxay door bidaan biyo qabow roobka. Dadka, waxay Rafaa tani ayaa loo yaqaan muddo dheer. Waxa uu marka hore ku tilmaamay by Pliniy Starshy (1-dii AD qarnigii): "Tani waa buur weyn oo jidh leh, qalabaysan ilkaha bahalnimada, duufaanka nibiriyada badda oo kale, oo iyaga iyo mudaa sida wan military oo weerar ku." Haa, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in dilaaga ah waa ineysan ee size in xoolaha ugu weyn caalamka - nibiriga buluug ah, ayay Ilaah cabsila'aan xataa isaga oo weerartay.

Cabirka nibiriga dilaaga waa run ahaantii cajiib ah. dheddigga The gaaraan dherer ah toddoba mitir iyo miisaanka afar tons, iyo labka iyo waa in ka badan 10 mitir oo 8 tan. size suubban ee Xaakimkii ma faragelin iyaga la heeryadii ah: in sidii adhi oo nibiriyada badda dilaaga taliya matriarchy adag. Waxa xiiso leh in kuwii lab ahaa oo la da'da marnaba ka tagi hooyadood, halka gabadhii gaarey da'da sare, mararka qaarkood ka tagi karo oo uu qabiil hooyo xubno kale qaar ka mid ah si ay u bilaabaan pack cusub. Qoyska madax "matriarhinya" dadka waayeelka ah, oo colal ku caruurta, ayeeyo, adeerka iyo Walaalihiis. Cimriga oo lab ah - 50 sano, iyo Gabdho badan sii noolaado - celcelis ahaan 75 sano.

Killer nibiriga leeyahay heerka dhalmada oo aad u hooseeya. Dumarka waa ilaa soddon sannadood dan yar ee jinsiga ka soo horjeeda, iyo 40-50 sano waxay leeyihiin xiiso this lumo. 10-15 sano, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo ku dhammaada muddo taranka firfircoon, dumar soo ma aha kityat qadar aad u badan, sababtoo ah uur socdaa 16 bilood. Wax yar ka badan kala badh oo dhan dhal dhiman ka hor inta ay ka gaaraan sano ah. adhigii had iyo jeer waa nabad. Marna waxaa lagu arkay isagoo u dagaalamaya dheddig ama lab, shakhsiyaad caafimaad taageero jiran iyo dadka waayeelka ah. Xataa halkaas oo dugsiyo kala duwan ma aha in dagaallo ugaadha ama taritorigaaga. In qaybta waqooyi ee Badweynta Pacific waxaa buuxin kara gebi ahaanba madow (melanistic) oo cad (saan) shakhsiyaad kuwaas oo aan adhiga ah oo ka eryaa sida "ido madow".

ORCA leeyihiin min 40 ilaa 48 ilko ilaa dhererka ilaa 12 cm. Nibiriga dilaaga raadinta, oo muujinaya xariif weyn oo awooda fikirka istiraatiiji ah. baakada saf kartaa in a isku xigta, column, u tag oo xanjaadka. Isticmaalka farabadan Doonidba cunna ah, hoonbarrooyinka carnivorous ka dhinac kala duwan xir baaquli kalluunka, ka dibna u bilaabaan kala garaaceen xulalka on waxa ee dabada, kalluunka cajiib ah. Marka uu ugaadhsaday booda, iidda bilaabmaa. Orcas "baxo" karaa on dalka, qiime on inuu calooshiisa xeebta ama barafka si ay ula qabsadaan shaabadood iyo holidaymakers shaabadood. Haddii nibiriyada badda ka arki kartaa in on baraf yar ama pinnipeds waa pingvin, waxay si fudud yihiin "eegmo", madaxiisa garaacid on floe barafka. Qoys kasta oo weyn waxay leedahay door bidaan iyaga u gaar ah ee cunto, qaar ka mid ah ugaarsiga loogu jiro shoals cunna, iyo kuwo kale - waayo pinnipeds.

Per qof weeraro nibiriga dilaaga dhif ah oo keliya, waayo, is-difaaca. In quraaradda, inay isu la aasaasay sida xayawaanka waxaa si fudud rabbeeyey dabiicadda iyo awood farshaxanimo. Haddaba quraaradda dunida ku jira oo ku saabsan 60 noocyada. In loo haystaa maxaabiis, shorthead ugu horeeyay ee ku dhashay 1985 (Florida). Tan iyo 1946, markii la bilaabay in la ilaaliyo nibiriga dilaaga ah, laakiin in dalalka qaar ka mid ah, sida Japan, si ay u sii wadaan in ay ugaadhsan nibiriga dilaaga ah.