Japan: yaroow dhirifka

In 1428 kacdoonkii ay u faafto magaalada Kyoto iyo Nara, Maahmaahyadii. Kawachi, Izumi, Ciise. Yaroow weerareen guriga iyo xafiiska moneylenders, saarayaasha bariis khamri (aawadiis), waxa kale oo ku hawlan Ribada. Kacdoonkii ka dhacay qaybo badan oo dalka ah, laakiin marar badan in ugu horumariyo goobaha dhaqaale dhexe. Qayb ka mid ah markii fidmaddu la sameeyay iyada oo loo baahanyahay in la soo saari amarrada on baabiiyo daynta, ma ahan oo keliya, waayo, Sumarai ah, laakiin sidoo kale beeralayda. Dalabaadka loo sameeyey baabiiyo adeegga shaqada khasabka ah, dhimista cashuuraha. Mucaaradka ayaa soo horjeedaan go'amada sayidyada dhulgoosadka iyo saraakiisha.

ruxruxo a noocan oo kale ah ee ifbixii ridayeen noqday suuragal ah keliya oo sabab u ah baahinta kordhay awoodda th qaybsanaanta dhulgoosadka, maxaa yeelay Shabaab ayaa hadda ka hor ma ka dhan hay'adaha dawladda, iyo qaar ka mid ah amiirradii dhulgoosadka, kuwaas oo si joogto ah ugu jira dagaal kasta oo kale. Japan: fallaago reer qastaan ...

qarnigii A tan iyo dhamaadkii XV iyo dhammaadkii qarnigii XVI ka. saynisyahano Japanese ugu yeedhaan "Age of States dagaallamaya ah" ( "Sengoku Jidai"). Sidaas darteed dagaallo sokeeye, inta badan guryahooda taliyayaashii ahaayeen lumay, oo la bedelay guryo cusub dhulgoosadka.

hanti ahaan ugu danbeysay ee had iyo jeer ma ahaa ka badan in of shugo, laakiin waxay ahaayeen isla aagga, oo dushooda waxaa ku haray ee nidaamka deegaanka, iyo xiriirka wiilkaagiiba lennye ayaa waxaa la aasaasay leh oo dhan oo ku nool boqortooyada sayidyada yar yar iyo kuwa meel dhexaadka ah dhulgoosadka ayaa liquidated. Sidaa darteed, lahaanshaha sayidyada cusub dhulgoosadka (daimyo) ahaayeen adkeeysi badan. On xornimada buuxda daimyo cusub by xaqiiqada ah in ay bilaabeen inay soo bandhigto ay sharci u gaar ah.

Mid ka mid ah sababta u kaca fiiqan ee dhaqdhaqaaqa ridayeen ee qarniyadii XV iyo XVI. waxay ahayd Midaynta ee qastaan ee beelaha is-maamula, kuwaas oo, beddelkeeda bixinta qadar go'an oo cashuur sayidyada dhulgoosadka la siiyey xaq u leeyihiin inay xaliyaan arrimaha gudaha ay la xiriira isticmaalka dhulka, qaybinta ka mid ah xubno ka mid ah canshuurta bulshada iyo waajibaadka, ee si guud. tuulooyin badan oo wakhtigaas lahaa nooc iyaga u gaar ah ee xeerarka qaab qoraal ah. arimo muhiim ah ayaa lagu xalin by shirka guud ee deggan oo dhan, tuulada, on diico ka qaybgalka waxa ku jira ayaa lagu ganaaxay.

In the case of falalka ka dhanka ah saraakiisha dhulgoosadka ama saraakiisha ay, moneylenders yaroow ururay macbudka maxaliga ah, oo wuxuu dhaariyey reer binu qaybgalka universal hadal ah. Xitaa dheer ee goosato ah ridayeen - "ikki", asal ahaan lahaa macnaha "ururka gargaarka labada dhinac" oo waxaa lagu dhaqaaqay in ay sameeyaan kacdoon, si hufan sababta oo ah ka qaybgalka ururada sida. Laakiinse aakhirkeedu wuxuu mid ka mid ah sababaha guuldarada of ifbixii ridayeen waxay ahayd danaha tafaraaruqa beeralayda degmooyinka iyo tuulooyinka.

Japan: kacdoonkii ridayeen