History Of The Taleefannada: bixitaanka iyo horumarinta

Sheekada oo telefoonka xiiso leh dhinac ee la alifay ee qalabka kala duwan, iyo in marka la eego marxaladaha kala duwan ee ka muuqanaya shabakadaha isgaadhsiinta ee noocyada kala duwan ee dunida ku baahsan. In dhinacyada qaar ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaqa of faafinta technology ku haboon u muuqataa kacaan, in kale waa la gartaa horumarinta horumar of labis. Maxay tahay xaqiiqooyinka ugu caan ah oo ku saabsan warshadaha ee isgaarsiinta caalamka?

Yaa abuurtay telefoonka?

Dhaqan ahaan, taariikhda telefoonka asal ahaan ku xiran yahay magaca Aleksandra Bella, hindisa dhashay Scottish-American. Indeed, sahamisa caanka ah qaaday si toos ah qayb ka mid ah horumarinta qalabka kacaan waayo gudbinta dhawaaqa meel fog. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira xaqiiqooyinka in samaynta telefoonka kaalin muhiim ah lagu ciyaaray by samaynta kale. Tusaale ahaan, Iogann Filipp Reis, a hindisa Jarmal caan ah, kulan ka mid ah aqoonyahaniinta beesha Physics ah, ee lagu qabtay 1861, ku dhawaaqay in uu abuuray noocooda ah ee qalabka korontada ku dhawaaqa gudbiyaan meel fog. Waxa kale oo uu ahaa magaca been abuurtay ah - "phone", yaqaanaan noo maanta. saffarro Reis, si kastaba ha ahaatee, qalab loo qaaday iyada oo aan xamaasad ku habboon. Laakiin waa dhab ahaantii muhiim ah, taas oo uu leeyahay taariikh aad telefoon.

15 sano ka dib, laba cilmi-American, ayaa Eliishaa Gray iyo Aleksandr Bell, ku simaha madax banaan, helay saamaynta taleefoonka. Labada saynisyahano, xiiso, in isla maalintaas, kuwaas oo 14 February 1876, gudbiyay codsi u patent uu helay. Xaaladdan oo kale nidaamka hadda, kaas oo lagu abaabuli lahaa taleefoonka, iyagu ma ay weli la soo saaray. Ajnabiga, Bell ee ku saabsan 2 saac ka hor Gray ee codsanaya, iyo taariikhyahanadu badan la wadaajisaan xaalad this by xaqiiqada ah in taariikhda phone maanta waxa uu la xidhiidhaa magaca hindisa Maraykan ah.

dhalashada ee telefoonka ugu horeysay

Aleksandr Bell ku noolaa Boston oo la soo shaqeeyay dadka la kulma dhibaato maqalka iyo hadalka. In 1873 wuxuu noqday professor of jirka at University Boston. By dabiiciga ah ee hawlaha uu, uu ahaa khabiir ku ah oo duurka ku ah codka iyo maqalka lahaa fiican.

Taariikhda telefoonka ugu horeysay abuuray by Aleksandrom Bellom, ku xiran yahay, sidaas oo uu shaqada. Waxaa ka mid ah xaqiiqooyinka cajiib ah ku saabsan war abuurashadoodii ah qalabka - taleefoonka hawlgeli isla ogaado by cilmi leh kaalmada tooska ah ee uu kaaliye. Tusaale ahaan, xirfadlayaasha la shaqeeya Bell, mar baxay waslad khafiifa oo qalab laliska, taas oo, sida ay u muuqatay Bella yeelanayay, Isaias ah. Sida ka leexatay cilmi, oo intaasu waxay ahayd sabab u ah xaqiiqada ah in element fulinaya xiritaanka wareegsan of xiriirada korontada.

On ku salaysan saamaynta ogaado ee Aleksandr Bell abuuray telefoonka. Waxa uu la qotomiyey waa mid aad u fudud: xuub maqaarka, qalabaysan digayaan element in la kordhiyo mugga. Qalabka wuxuu u gudbin karaa oo kaliya dhawaaqa codadka, laakiin waxa ay u muuqataa, waxay ahayd filan oo ay ku patent qalabka - document ku haboon, xafidaada qoray ee la alifay ee, Bell helay March 10, 1876.

Taariikhda ayaa sidoo kale telefoonada oo xiiso leh iyo in la eego ay ganacsi dhiig-miirashada. Dhowr maalmood ka dib hindisa ah ee telefoonka modified si ay u gudbin karaan erayada gaar ah si cad u maqli karo. Later, Aleksandr Bell soo bandhigay qalab uu ganacsatada. unit ka dhigay aragti cajiib ah oo ku saabsan ganacsiga dadka. hindisa American ugu dhakhsaha badan diiwaangashan uu shirkadda, taasi oo markii dambe u noqday barwaaqo.

The khadka taleefanka ugu horeysay

taariikhda dhicitaanka Phone og nahay in hadda. Laakiin been abuurtay Bell ayaa wuxuu yeeshay xididdo nolol maalmeedka? In 1877 - in Boston - khadka telefoonka ugu horeysay la bilaabay, iyo in 1878, ee New Haven - exchange telefoonka. Isla sanadkaas hindisa kale oo caan ah American, Thomas Edison, abuuray model cusub ee qalabka loogu talagalay cod in masaafada u. In ay gariiradda dhismeedka induction joogo, taas oo si weyn loo kordhiyo tayada isgaadhsiinta, iyo sidoo kale in la kordhiyo fogaanta la isugu gudbiyo codka.

kaalin ee alifay ka Russia

Taariikhda telefoonka waxaa sidoo kale ku xiran magacyada samaynta Ruush. In 1885 Pavel Mihaylovich Golubitsky hindisa ka Russia horumariyo nidaamka aasaas cusub ee sarrifka telefoonka, kaas oo awood ahaa bixisey in hay'adaha ka baxsan - ka il dhexe. Ka hor this, phone kasta waxaa ku shaqeeya by ay outlet awood AC. Aragtidani waxa uu u ogolaaday in la abuuro xarun halka adeega tiro badan oo macaamiishu - tobanaan kun. In 1895, hindisa Ruush Mikhail Filippovich Freudenberg dunida bixiyey fikirka ah sarrifka, taasi oo ka tarjumaysa xidhiidh toos ah oo ka mid ah macmiilka si kale. PBX jilitaanka First la soo bandhigay in Mareykanka ee magaalada Augusta.

Horumarinta khadadka isgaarsiinta ee Russia

Sheekada ee telefoonka ee Russia xiran yahay dhismaha khadadka for gudbinta of xiriirka ka dhexeeya St. Petersburg iyo ala Vishera. wada hadalka ugu horreeya ee u dhexeeya macaamiishu Ruush by yahay ee channel ayaa sheegay in uu ka dhacay 1879, ie, 3 sano keliya ka dib tan iyo markii la alifay ee telefoonka. Later, mid ka mid ah khadadka isgaarsiinta rayidka horeysay ku xiran markab ee St. George, oo ku yaalla Nizhny Novgorod, oo guriga ka tirsan hoggaanka Company Steamship ah "guutada". oo dhererkeedu wuxuu ahaa line oo ku saabsan 1547 m.

weydaarsiga telefoonka magaalada joogtada ah ee - in St. Petersburg, Moscow, iyo Odessa - bilowday tan iyo 1882. In 1898, waxaa jiray line-dheer meel fog, xira Moscow iyo St. Petersburg. History of telefoonada ee Russia ayaa xiiso u xaqiiqda ah in idaacadda u adeegta channel isgaarsiinta ee u dhexeeya Moscow iyo St. Petersburg, waxaana jira wali ka shaqeeya. Waxay ku taalaa on Butcher Street ee caasimada ah ee Russia.

Xawliga horumarinta teleefonada ee Empire Ruush waxay ahaayeen arrin fiican - sidaas darteed, tusaale ahaan, in 1916 degan 100 Moscow lahaa celcelis ahaan 3.7 phone. In 1935, durba Midowga Soofiyeeti, oo dhammu waxay ahaayeen telefoono Moscow by saldhigga Metro. Tan iyo 1953, guryaha oo dhan, rido adeegga ee caasimada ah ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, ayaa ku fashilantay in ay leeyihiin xadhig phone a.

Taariikhda waa phone xiiso. Waxaa had iyo jeer waa mid xiiso leh si ay u bartaan si faahfaahsan. Baro sida ayaa banki ayaa taleefoonka, tixgelin xaqiiqooyinka ugu cajiibsan ku saabsan horumarinta qalab mobile, kaas oo hadda ku jira oo aan ka yarayn ee baahida badan kuwa dhaqanka.

Sidee telefoonada gacanta sameeyey

wada hadalka ugu horreeya ee diiwaan on telefoonka dhex channel radio ah, tiro ka mid ah sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee mabaadi'da la xidhiidha ururka ee isgaarsiinta gacanta casriga ah, waxaa la qabtay 1950 ee Sweden. hindisa Sture Laugen, at wheel ee Televerket, si guul leh u dirtay adeegga waqti sax ah via nooca qalab kala. By markii ugu Sture Lauren ku bixisay dhowr sano in Televerket, ku hawlan horumarinta qalab this. Taariikhda telefoonka mobile waxaa sidoo kale ku xiran magaca Ragnar Berglund, asxaabta Laura.

Ujeedada - suuqa mass

By markii ugu guddiga of Laurenne call, oo aynu kor ku sheegay, telefoonka raadiyaha, sida, waxaa horay loo isticmaalay, laakiin waxay ahayd oo keliya ay heli karaan adeegyada gaarka ah iyo qaab-dhismeedka ciidamada. Shirkadda Televerket dhigay gool - in la abuuro qalab la heli karo in muwaadin kasta.

Mass-suuqa horumarinta Swedish noqdey ee 1956. Marka hore, ayay shaqeeyay keliya in laba magaalo - Stockholm iyo Gothenburg. Inta lagu jiro 1956 waxaa la xiran oo kaliya 26 macaamiishu, kaas oo ahaa la yaab leh, sababtoo ah expensiveness sare "telefoonka gacanta", qiimaha kaas oo ahaa dhigma qiimaha gaariga.

horumarinta isgaadhsiinta mobile

Taariikhda telefoonada gacanta ee tiro ka mid ah muuqaalada siinayaa, dhaq-faafinta taleefoonka. Haddii, tusaale ahaan, ka dib markii mashiinada 3 sano keliya yahaya abuuray on mabaadi'da Aleksandra Bella, si firfircoon uga shaqeeya ee Russia, waayo, wakhti dheer qaar ka mid ah, telefoonada gacanta aanad isticmaalin baahida weyn.

Kaliya ee 1969, madaxda adduunka ee suuqa isgaadhsiinta bilaabay inuu ka fikiro waxa fiicnaan lahayd in laga bartey mideeyo hababka isgaarsiinta kala. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa loo maleeyey in macmiilka kasta - la mid ah milkiilayaasha telefoonada go'an - waxay yeelan doonaan in ay tirada u gaar ah, iyo taariikhda, ma aha oo kaliya in dalka halkaas oo la soo saaray, laakiin sidoo kale dibadda. Sidaas darteed, waxaan dhihi karaa in taariikhda telefoonka mobile run ahaantii waa bilowgaba ka tarjumaysaa danta bulshada injineernimada ee hirgelinta la barqiyey fikradaha.

In mid ka mid ah alifay ugu horeysay in ay soo gudbiyaan fulinta wax ku ool ah ee technology ah, taas oo la aasaasay codsiyada la xiriira - graduate ah Estaing Dugsiga Farsamada ee Stockholm ku Myakitolo. Taariikhda abuurka ah ee telefoonka gacanta, sida aannu iyada u aqoonsanno si toos ah ugu xiran waxaa magiciisa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waayo, hirgelinta dhabta ah ee fikirka loo baahan yahay Myakitolo technology aad u awood badan. Waxay u muuqday oo kaliya ee hore 80 ee.

The network ugu horeysay gacanta

Taariikhda taleefannada gacanta ka mid ah xaqiiqo dhab ah oo la taaban karo: marka hore, Saudi Arabia noqday dalka halkaasoo ay shabakadda gacanta ayaa la sameeyey. Waxay ahayd halkaas in shirkadda Ericsson, si firfircoon uga qayb hirgelinta dhabta ah ee fikradaha la soo jeediyay Myakitolo, 1981 saxiixay heshiis for sahayda oo ka mid ah adeegyada la xiriira. Shabakadda, kaas oo la bilaabay in Saudi Arabia, waxaa lagu gartaa Faraj ugu weyn - mass. Tartiib tartiib heerarka gacanta hagaagtay, network bilaabeen inay ka shaqeeyaan dalal kale.

Horumarinta heerarka caadiga ah

Sida koritaanka suuqa mobile ayaa la aloosnayd baahan yahay si loo horumariyo heerarka caadiga ah bixinta adeegyada la xidhiidha. In Sacuudi Carabiya, Scandinavia, Benelux waxa uu noqday fikrad caanka ah ee NMT ee Germany ku lug nidaamka C-Netz UK, France iyo Italy ayaa fulin fikradaha ay.

dhalashada ee GSM

Si ay u dhexgalaan bannaan ee Yurub mobile, Heerka GSM waxaa la abuuray. Wuxuu odhan karaa, ayaa nuugo ugu fiican ee fikradaha kale "qaranka", oo sidaas daraaddeed, in kastoo aan ku adag tahay, laakiin waxaa lagu ansixiyay bulshada technology Yurub ee 1986. Laakiin ugu horeysay ee GSM-network la soo bandhigay oo keliya sanadkii 1990 ee Finland. Ka dibna, heerkani waxa uu noqday qeybiyaha ugu weyn ee isgaarsiinta gacanta Ruush.

History Of The Taleefannada - labada caadiga ah iyo gacanta - waa cajiib ah oo xiiso leh. Laakiin waa u xiiso badan sida teknoolajiyada ay u horumariyaan. Ina keena aynu ka baran sida loo hagaajiyo khadka gacanta.

Horumarinta ee suuqa gacanta

In ka sano ee ugu horeeya ka dib hordhaca ah ee GSM-heerarka ay u isticmaalaan macaamiisha dhaqanka adeegyada la xiriira waxa uu ahaa mid aad u qaali ah. Laakiin si tartiib tartiib ah qalabka lagama maarmaanka u ah hawlgalka la shabakadaha mobile, dhaceen oo noqday run ahaantii weyn. Teleefonada ayaa soo hagaagtay, hoos u size. In 1996, Nokia soo bandhigay, in fact, mid ka mid ah phone ugu horeysay smart - qalab kaas oo kuu soo diri kartaa e-mail, fakisyo, isticmaalaan internetka. Isla sanadkaas waxaa jiray buug taas oo uu noqday halyeeyga StarTac ka Motorola.

Casriga ah iyo Internet mobile

In 1997, Philips bilaabay phone Spark la margin aad u badan oo ah nolosha batteriga - oo ku saabsan 350 saacadood. Sannadkii 1998 waxaa u muuqday qalab mobile Sharp PMC-1 casriga ah, ayaa screen taabashada ah. Waxaa la filayaa in uu noqon lahaa toos ah tartan u kor qalab ka Nokia. In 1999, ee ka shaqeeya mobile ayaa bilaabay in ay technology WAP fududeeyo doonaa macaamiishu u helaan in ay Internet mobile. In 2000, waxaa jiray a GPRS caadiga ah iyo UMTS - mid ka mid ah furaha loo isticmaalo naqshadaha, waayo, 3G-shabakadaha.

Sanadkii 2009, shirkadda Swedish TeliaSonera ayaa Heerka network aduunka ee ugu horeeyay ee 4G. Waxa uu haatan yahay ugu casri ah oo loo dallacsiiyey by shaqeeya adduunka oo dhan.

telefoonada rajada

Waa maxay tallaabada xigta ee horumarinta warshadaha mobile? taariikhda telefoonka gacanta ayaa muujinaya in xal degdeg ah wax ku ool ah ku dhici karaa wakhti kasta. Waa laga yaabaa in heerka 4G ah - taasi waa xadka of sifooyinka technology casriga ah. Waxaa u muuqan lahaa in xogta kala iibsiga heer ah tobanaan megabits, tayada call weyn - oo laga yaabo in ay heer sare?

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka laboratories cilmi keentay in dunida sii wadaan in ay si firfircoon uga shaqeeyaan berrinkii horumar of technology mobile. Waxaa laga yaabaa in mustaqbalka dhow in gacmaha cid kasta oo rabta macmiilka waxay noqon doontaa sida cajiib ah mashiinka casri ah ciduna degganayn, siday noqotay telefoonka Bella ee 70 sano ee qarnigii 19aad, ama qalabka ku jira oo call ka baabuurka on tirada degaanka Sture Lauren. Wuxoogaa yar dabadeed iyo waxay dadka ma noqon doonto la yaabay. Sidaas industry this casriga cajiib ah oo firfircoon.