Halabuurka The oo ka mid ah Ruush Caspian Cutubyo

damiin ee ammaanka ee Russia iyo dhaqan danaheeda gobolka of Sea Caspian waa ka wadaan Caspian ah. Halabuurka ee ururka this ee Navy waxaa si joogto ah updated. Tani waxay fure u tahay dagaal awoodda of raxan iyo raacaysa xeerarka casriga ah. Caspian Cutubyo The, iyo sidoo kale warbixin kooban oo ay taariikhda noqon doonaa mawduuca of our waxbarasho.

Badda Caspian Ruush

Si aad u fahamto sida loo dhisayo ka Caspian ka wadaan, aad u baahan tahay si ay u dhexgalin taariikhda.

Awowayaasheen waxay u muuqday on Sea Caspian ah (markaas loo yaqaan Khvalynsky) ee Zaman ee gobolka Old Ruush. Markaas Ruses Safaro Caspian caanka ah, kuwaas oo ku yiil in la ansixiyo saamaynta ay gobolka iyo dakhli fiican ka qabtay magaalada keenaan. Loo yaqaan socodka 910, 914, 987 iyo 1030-1032 sano. Laakiin ugu caansan ahaa xilli ee sannadka 943, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo magaaladii la qabsaday Berdaa. Waxaa jira caddaymo ah olole iyo 1174 horeba on hoos u dhaca Kievan rus, laakiin inta badan ay xaqiiqada la warsan.

Laakiin markaas Russia burburay, waxay bilaabeen in muddo ah harqood culus buu Mongol-Tatar. Cusbooneysiin halganka ee gobolka Caspian Badda Ruush waayeen kaliya ka dib markii ay midoobeen dalalka agagaarka Moscow. In 1466 iyada oo badda this wuxuu ka sameeyey safarka caanka ah India Athanasius Nikitin.

Runtii taliyayaashii bilaabay si ay u muujiyaan on abuurista raxan badda in ka dib markii furasho ah oo ka mid ah Khanate of jaaket Ivanom Groznym, si ay awood Ruush u soo baxay xeebta Caspian ah.

The isku day marka hore la abuuro raxan

Isku daygii ugu horeysay si ay u abuuraan raxan Caspian ah waxaa loo sameeyey keliya ee 1634. Ka hor inta in, waayo, Ruush Caspian Border Maraykanka waa in inta badan Cossacks. Taasi waa marka ay wakiillo ka mid ka mid ah dalalka yaryar Jarmal bixiyeen Tsar Ruushka si ay u dhisaan maraakiibta duulimaadyada ee guud ahaan Sea Caspian si Faaris. Caspian Cutubyo waxay ahayd in la qabto 10 maraakiibta. Waxaa la dhisay kaliya hal markab - "Frederick", iyo in uu dhawaan ku dhufatay orday. Laga soo bilaabo dhismaha maraakiibta kale diiday.

In 1668 markabka shiraac ugu horeysay ee Russian "Eagle", doon, raaxada, iyo laba doomood oo la dhisay. Tan iyo markii ay lahaayeen in ay bilaabaan si ay u sameeyaan ka wadaan Caspian ah. Halabuurka The of raxan la gabi ahaanba la gubay hoos inta lagu jiro rabshad Stepana Razina jaaket 1670.

Abuurista Cutubyo Caspian hoostiisa Peter aan

Under Peter aan, gobolka Ruush la taaban karo ku xoogaystay, beddelay boqortooyadii oo waxay bilaabeen inay muujiyaan isku dayo ballaarinta dibadda, oo ay ku jiraan jihada Caspian ah. In gobolka this, horjeeda ugu weyn ee Russia u dhaqmeen Faaris. Sidaa darteed, on Sea Caspian ah, su'aasha ah ee dhismaha ay raxan ka badan abid noqday muhiim ah in ka hor.

In 1704, Kazan la aasaasay admiralty iyo dhismaha maraakiibta. Markab ka wadaan Caspian ku lahaa Lastovo waxaa jira 45 markab iyo 200 doonyood oo ay u maraan webiyaasha.

Sida laga soo xigtay amar of Peter Waxaan, ugu dambeyntii Caspian ka wadaan ayaa waxaa la aasaasay bishii September 1722. Waxay si guul ka qaybgalay dagaalka Ruush-Faarisi ee 1722-1723 sano. By dhamaadka xilli ciyaareedkan, ka wadaan Caspian ka koobnaa 80 markab oo waaweyn.

horumarinta dheeraad ah oo raxan ah

Tan iyo markaas tiriyaa taariikhda Cutubyo Caspian ah. Waxaa si joogto ah oo horumarsan iyo in la hagaajiyo.

In 1781 wuxuu ahaa diray inay Astrabad Gacanka dagaal kula Faaris Caspian Cutubyo waayo. Halabuurka The oo doonniyihiina ahaa kuwa soo socda: 20 markab cannons, laba doonniyood oo ka mid ah bam-markab. Cutubyo ayaa waxaa si firfircoon uga qayb dagaalladii ka dib ka dhanka ah Faaris, tusaale ahaan, in 1813. Sida laga soo xigtay heshiis gabagabeeyey by natiijada dagaalka ah, Empire Ruush ahaa gobolka kaliya ee lahaa xaq u leedahay inaad sii ay Caspian raxan u gaar ah.

In 1818 Cutubyo Caspian ka buuxsameen la maxkamadaha cusub Ruush. Markaasay waxay bilaabeen taxane ah oo corvettes saddex-masted, kuwaasoo mid walba uu ahaa lix iyo toban qalabaysan hubka. Markabka ugu caansan ee taxanahan ah - "Kazan".

In 1867, raxan Caspian la raray ka jaaket xagga koonfureed oo magaalada Baku.

Inta qayb qarnigii XIX oo ka mid ah maraakiibta Cutubyo Caspian ee Russia in uu is beddelay, laakiin weelashan geliyey inta lagu jiro xilliga this:

• 16 corvettes qoryaha qalabaysan,
• Luger 4;
• 13 schooners;
• 3 qarax ee doonnida;
• 22 cawo;
• 2 curdan tahay,
• 18 brigs;
• 26 weelashii gaadiidka.

Intaa waxaa dheer, ay qarka u saaran iyo goobaha dabaasha size yar yar.

Qarnigii hore XX, maskax ahaan iyo jidh arrin dhacsan Caspian ka wadaan. Halabuurka The oo doonniyihiina ahaa sida soo socota: 4 steamers, gunboats 2, 3 sabayn tusaaale, mid shiraaca geynayey badda iyo geynayey 2. In si loo yareeyo baaqday dayactirka cadaawayaashooda ka iman kara, oo ay noqon kartaa Great Britain ama Germany ah, in 1910 oo si gaar ah loogu talagalay raxan u dhisay laba gunboats - "Ardahan" iyo "Kars".

Intii lagu guda jiray Dagaalkii Adduunka, raxan Caspian ka qaadeen ma ka qayb firfircoon ee colaadaha ka dhanka ah cadowga.

The tirada ka mid ah raxan inta lagu guda jiro Civil War

Inta lagu jiro Civil War, ka Caspian Cutubyo asal ahaan wuxuu ahaa qayb ka mid ah ciidanka oo ka mid ah White dhaqdhaqaaqa. In 1919, maraakiibta hor istaagay afka ah Volga, si aanay u bixisaan Red Army in go gelin Caspian Sea. Navy niyad jabka si fiican leh hawshan, samaynta Sea Caspian la xiray inay meel biyo "cas".

Dagaal ka Caspian Cutubyo at this time ka koobnaa 7 gunboats, Cruiser, 9, iyo 10 seaplanes.

Laakiin sannadkii 1920, Army Cas u suurtagashay in ay mashquulin dekedaha ugu muhiimsan ee Fleet - Krasnovodsk iyo Sasha. Sidaa darteed, raxan lagu wareejiyey Baku. In dhamaadka, qayb ka mid ah waxaa lagu wareejiyay Dowladda Azerbaijan, qaar ka mid ah u gudbay Army Cas, oo intoodii kalena, oo doonniyihiina interned by Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, ka dibna ka dhiidhiyaan Soviet Russia.

Muddada Soviet

In 1931, Cutubyo Caspian la abuuray by Midowga Soofiyeeti. Her shaqo ay ahayd in la baabi'iyo khatar ah in Midowga Soofiyeeti xagga koonfureedba. Halabuurka The Cutubyo Caspian la aasaasin ka doonniyaha Jamhuuriyadda ururka. Gaar ahaan, waxaa ka mid ah gunboats hore u soo sheegnay "Ardahan" iyo "Kars", taas oo, isagoo inta ka dhiman raxan ka mid ah Ciidamada White ah, ayaa ku biiray raxan ah ee Azerbaijan. hadda oo kaliya, maraakiibta waxay leeyihiin magacyo cusub - "Trotsky" iyo "Lenin".

Inta lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, Cutubyo Caspian ka qeyb qaatay soo degtey ee Iran. Marka ay gacanta ku hayaan qaar ka mid ah magaalooyinka Kismaayo ee Iran, horseeday shaqo anigaa iska leh, waxa ay sahayda ka Maraykanka Amaahi-Lease, ka qayb Battle of Stalingrad. Dagaalka ka dib, mudnaanta ay la siiyay Order ee Banner Cas.

Ka dib markii dagaal, tan iyo burburkii of the Soviet Union, ay ka wadaan Caspian lama a si gaar ah muhiim istiraatiiji ah unit, laakiin si kastaba ha ahaatee wakiil ah xasilinta factor ee gobolka. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa fuliyay baaritaano ah noocyo cusub oo hubka.

Cutubyo Caspian of Ruushka

Ka dib markii ay Soviet Union jiheysteen weligiis, waxaa jiray su'aal ah oo ku saabsan waxa la sameeyo oo dhan-urur oo ka mid ah Caspian ka wadaan. Waxaa kala qaybsamay dhexeeya Jamhuuriyadda hore, isagoo u helaan Sea Caspian ah: Federation Ruush. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan iyo Turkmenistan. Qaybta Ruush ah maraakiibta la soo wareejiyay Baku in jaaket iyo Makhachkala. Waxaa jaaket noqday barta dhexe ee ciidamo of raxan cusub.

Haddii hore Sea Caspian ah ficil ahaan la xiray, marka laga reebo dhagarta koonfurta Iran, waxaa hadda waa gobolka, Koox ka mid ah dalalka, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in hawlaha ka hor raxan u dhigay, ayaa adag.

Halabuurka Waxyaabaha of raxan Caspian waxaa si tartiib tartiib ah cusboonaadey. Gaar ahaan habka dayactirka aad u daran ayaa lagu qabtey tobanka sano ee labaad ee qarnigii XXI ah.

In 2010, Cutubyo Caspian hoostiisa horyaalka cusub ee degmada military Ruush ayaa lagu daray Degmada koonfurta.

In dayrta ee 2015, raxan ka qaybqaatay hawlgalka ugu horeysay ee ciidamada tobanaan badan. Waxa uu ahaa qaliin ee Suuriya ka dhan ah "Wilaayada Islaamiga." Jagooyinka argagixisada ahaayeen kaliya yaabeen ee Navy gantaal.

Maraakiibtan cusboonaysiinta

Sidoo kale updated Cutubyo Caspian ee Federation Ruush ah? Halabuurka The of raxan ah ayaa si firfircoon uga buuxsameen maraakiibta.

In 2011, Doonni yar madaafiic "Volgodonsk" ayaa lagu daray in maraakiibta. Laba sano ka dib waxaan daray yar gantaalo maraakiibta "Goon Sviyazhsk" iyo "Uglich". La filayaa in la diro ee 2012 doonnida ilaalinta Caspian Fleet ah "Dagestan" burburay iyo wareejiyo ka dib. Haddaba, isagu waa at asturidda raxan iyo diyaar u yahay inuu u qabtaan hawlaha.

In 2014, Cutubyo biiray taxane ah oo Maraakiibta gantaal yar "Buyan". Hore loo qorsheeyay inay soo bandhigto tiro sii kordhaysa oo maraakiibta, laakiin ay sabab u tahay cunaqabatayn dalalka reer galbeedka, qaar ka mid ah qalabka iyo qaybaha loo baahan yahay in la dhiso maraakiibta, ma iibsan karo, sidaas darteed waqtiga of dhamaystirka dhismaha dib u riixay in taariikh dambe.

Renewal oo ka mid ah maraakiibta Caspian wadaan in 2010s ka gudbay, guud ahaan, si guul leh. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, raxan ka kooban yahay in ka badan 85%, oo weelasha oo cusub. Tani waxay soo jeedinaysaa in ay raacaysaa shuruudaha lagama maarmaanka ah iyo heerka casriga ah.

Qaybta casriga ah ee ka wadaan Caspian ah

Bal aynu eegno faahfaahsan qaar ka mid ah maraakiibta dhuray Caspian ka wadaan Russia. Halabuurka The oo ay hoos lagu soo bandhigay.

Fleet Badda Caspian ka kooban yahay laba markab oo roondo, siddeed markab oo yar yar, dagaalka doomo lix, farsamada sideed degtey iyo toddoba minesweepers. Total 31 cutub tahay aqueous.

markab dagaal

Cutubyo Caspian ka kooban yahay laba doonniyood oo gaaf - "Tatarstan" iyo "Dagestan". Labada iyaga la sameeyey ee Zelenodolsk dhirta. Kaliya taariikhda guddoominta ee ugu horeeyay oo ka mid ah - in 2003, oo kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - in 2012.

Intaa waxaa dheer, markabka "Tatarstan" waa flagship ee guud ahaan Caspian ka wadaan.

maraakiibta dagaalka Small

Caspian Fleet in ay ka kooban 8 cutub oo maraakiib yar yar. The ugu weynaa - doon gantaal P-101 "Stupinets" 1985 daayo. Markaas, si of Seniority waa in ay ahaataa yar Mak-160 1988 model sano markab madaafiic.

Under ah "Hellraiser" ayaa la sii daayay madaafiic yar markabka "jaaket", "Volgodonsk" oo cusub oo ka mid ah - "Makhachkala". Oo doonniyihiina way wada wakiishay siday u kala horreeyaan ee 2006, 2011 iyo 2012 ..

In 2014, qaabka guud ee mashruuca "Buyan-M" ayaa lagu rido hawlgalka maraakiibta gantaal yar "Great Ustyug" "Uglich" iyo "Goon Sviyazhsk".

Martial doomo

Currently, ugu Caspian ka wadaan ayaa lix dagaal doomo. Afar ka mid ah waa qof aad u weyn. Tani gunboat ah "nac-nacleyn": AK-223 (1969 YG), AK-248 (1971 YG), AK-201 (1972 YG), AK-209 (1972 YG). Newer waa gunboat AK-326, waxaa lagu rido hawlgalka 1989.

Markabkan oo cusub oo ka mid ah maraakiibta of class this - doon anti-weecinta U-351. Waxa uu u wakiishay 2013.

doon duufaan

At asturidda raxan Caspian uu leeyahay sideed farsamada soo degtey. Halkan matalayo oo kaliya model cusub. Noocan oo weelasha la xidhiidha caga doon Project "Akula" D-185 (2000 ee sii daayo) iyo mashruuca farsamada soo degtey "Dugong" D-105 "Ataman Platov" (2009 daayo).

Si madaxbannaan u jiro taxane ah oo farsamo soo degtey, "Sarena". Waxaa ka mid ah D-156 (1999 ee sii daayo), D-131 (2002 ee sii daayo), D-172 (2005 ee sii daayo), D-56 (2008 daayo), D-809 (2013 arrimaha) iyo D-810 (2013 ee sii daayo).

minesweepers

Iyada oo qayb ka wadaan Caspian waa toddoba minesweepers. Ay hawsha ugu muhiimsan - si aad u hesho oo ay baabbi'iyaan miinooyinka. baabuurta updated noocan ah ee la soo dhaafay dib ugu dhacay 1997 fog. Aan ugu yaraan ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in wacyi hadda anigaa on Sea Caspian ma aha. Weli, in muddo dheer oo weelashan waa in la bedelay ka badan oo casri ah, sababtoo ah wax walba ayaa dhici kara, oo ay dhacdo in this, sida net ammaanka ah waxay noqon kartaa mid aad u faa'iido leh.

Walxaha ku jira xirmeen weerar ka wadaan PT-59 (1979). RT-181 (1980) RT-71 (1981). RT-233 (1994)., PT-234 (1996, in.), iyo sidoo kale minesweepers xeebaha BT-244 "Herman Ugriumov" (1988) iyo BT-116 "Magomed Gadzhiev" (1997).

sifooyinka guud ee Fleet Caspian ah

Sida laga arki karo ka tirakoobka rasmiga ah, waqtiga xaadirka ah raxan Ruush Federation Caspian waxaa ka shaqeeya iyo sidoo kale ku filan. 85% ka mid ah waxay ka kooban tahay maraakiibta casriga ah in ay diyaar u yihiin si ay u xalliyaan hawlaha. In mustaqbalka dhow, waxaa la qorsheeyey in dad kor u tiro badan oo lagu daydo cusub ee maraakiibta iyo doonyaha.

The awood ah Caspian raxan waa ku filan damaanad ah Ruush xadka ammaanka ah oo ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah Badda Caspian ka dibadda duulaankii, iyo sidoo kale a damaanad xasiloonida ka mid ah xaaladda ka Caspian gobolka. Waxaa intaa dheer, ee maraakiibta badda ee ay awoodaan in ay xitaa u xaliyaan caqabadaha dibadda, maadaama ay ahayd inta lagu jiro hawlgalka ee Suuriya.

Guud ahaan, gobolka ka wadaan Caspian waa dhiirigelinta iyo wuxuu na siinayaa rajo in mustaqbalka badin doonaa oo keliya unugyo cusub oo casri ah oo ka mid ah qalabka ciidamada badda.