Farshaxan - waa maxay? farshaxan caan

Halgamayaa qurux, ka muujiyay in tahay - waxaa laga yaabaa inay tahay waxa kaliya ee wax kala nin ka xayawaanka. Tan iyo markii aan wakhtiyadii hore u, dadka isku dayay in la abuuro wax qurux badan, ee u dhexeeya ugaarsiga iyo badbaadada deducing nidaamyada on darbiyada uu godka. Iyadoo horumarinta aadanaha iyo in la horumariyo tahay in uu qaatay foomamka cusub iyo aad u badan. Mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee farshaxanka wanaagsan waa farshaxan. Waa maxay farshaxan iyo noocyada ay ka jiraan - waxay u sheegi doonaan in this article.

shayga ugu weyn ee farshaxan - qofka, inkasta oo ay sidoo kale muujinayaan karaa xoolaha, ama wax kasta oo waxyaabaha kale. Iyada oo ku xidhan waxa wax loo isticmaalo, waxaa lagu soo xulay iyo hababka ay baahisey daaweynta. Tani waxay noqon kartaa wax taaj oo kale ah, oo ildheer, jediyay ama ku ridaya.

Ka hor inta hadlo fikradda kasta, waa in aad siin qeexid gaar ah. Waa maxay farshaxan iyo waxa ay tahay dabeecadihiisa? Adkaanta been in xaqiiqda ah in jawaabta fudud su'aashan ma fududa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaan isku dayi si ay u fahmaan.

Qeexid: "Waa maxay farshaxan?" Kala duwan ee fursadaha

Ra'yiga kasta ama arrin loola dhaqmo si ka duwan. Sababta tani waa in naqdiya kastana waa la eegaya dhibaatada ka xagal ka duwan. Sidaa darteed, mid kasta uu yeesho macnaheeda ah "farshaxan". Waa maxay farshaxan, waxaa laga heli karaa qaamuusyo kala duwan.

Sida laga soo xigtay qaamuuska sharaxaadda oo reer Efrayim, farshaxan waa farshaxan - in la abuuro a images mugga (gadaaman) iyadoo la isticmaalayo wax taaj oo kale ah, jarida ama wax taaj oo kale.

In qaamuuska sharaxaadda of Ushakov, waxaad ka heli kartaa qeexitaanka soo socda: "Waa naqshad waa farshaxan - saaridda ee bulk ama convex images - Sidaana, reliefs, iwm".

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la ogaadaa in ilaha oo dhan isku raacsan yihiin in farshaxan ah - nooc gaar ah tahay. Iyo in ay u shakiday sida xaqiiqada ah ma loo baahan yahay.

Farshaxan. Waa maxay farshaxan?

Ereyga laftiisa ka timaaddaa erayga Laatiin "Sculptura", taas oo macno ahaan tarjumayaa "farshaxan" ama "thread." Waana mid ka, erayga "farshaxan" waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa sida isku micne ah ereyga "farshaxan".

Si aad u wanaagsan ku tilmaamay waxa, Sergei Sobolev, a artist dhallinyarada tayo leh, "waa meesha of dareenkooda la xiriira foomka." Aasaaskii of farshaxan kasta oo si dhab ahaan qaabka, afka hore waa la heli karo iyo la fahmi karo qof kasta.

History of farshaxan

Xididdada foomka farshaxanka this dib u Qarniyadii hore tagaa, in xilligii Paleolithic, in markii ay marka hore shuqulladeeda. Farshaxan qaab images of haweenka iyo xoolaha kala duwan laga helay goobta of sites paleolithic badan ee Western Europe - xaqiijin cad. In Neolithic ee kala duwan ee taxadiri sculptural balaariyay xitaa ka sii badan.

Dabcan, ugu horumaray ahaa noocan oo kale ah tahay in Zaman ee Giriigii hore. farshaxan in uu noqday mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu weyn ee ra'yi dhiibashada ka mid ah falsafada Giriigga ee hore, aasaas u ah taas oo ahayd nin shakhsiyad - a dhis horumariyo labada ruuxa iyo jir ahaan. Sidaana xad-dhaaf ah ilaahyada, geesiyaal awaalka iyo askari la dilay by sayid Giriigii hore, waayo, kii waxa uu ahaa farshaxan ah arrin uu nool yahay. Waa maxay farshaxan waxgarashada sayidyadiisa Giriigga ee hore? Waxaa kor ku xusan oo dhan dabacsanaan iyo plasticity foomamka organic, ku salaysan si faahfaahsan jidh saxda ah. Ka mid ah, kuwaas oo sayidyadooda weyn ee farshaxan Giriigga ee hore loogu ogaan karaa Phidias, Myron, Lysippus, Praxiteles oo kale.

wareega A cusub ee horumarinta ayaa helay farshaxan ah oo qarniyo XV-XVI, inta lagu guda jiro Renaissance, kaas oo ku salaysan dhaqanka qadiimiga. Renaissance farshaxan waxa uu noqday xarunta of Italy, ka mid ah sculptors weyn ee ka dambeeya waqtiga - Michelangelo, Donatello, Verrocchio iyo abuureyaal kale.

dareenka badan ayaa sidoo kale la siiyaa farshaxan iyo fikirka Soviet. Waxa uu noqday aalad waxtar u leh kor u qaadida aaraada ee hantiwadaagga Soviet. feature ugu weyn ee farshaxan Soviet la oran karo waa ay monumentality. stele adkaade, taxadiri weyn oo kun oo taxadiri oo ka mid ah madaxda communist inoo reebin dhaxalgal ah ee farshaxan ee Soviet.

farshaxan The casriga ah ee sawir laakiin ma leh suuradda (shay), iyo doorashada ee midabada, qaabab iyo qalabka. midab in uu noqdo ku dhawaad qalab ugu weyn ee ra'yi dhiibashada farshaxanka ee farshaxan casriga ah.

Noocyada ugu weyn ee farshaxan

Noocyada ugu weyn ee farshaxan kala yihiin:

• farshaxan wareega (dhab, Sidaana iyo busts);
• gargaarka farshaxan (Bas iyo gargaarka sare);
• farshaxan gudaha;
• farshaxan taariikhi.

Sidoo kale iftiimiyeen qaar ka mid ah noocyada gaarka ah ee farshaxanka: a Ghadafi farshaxan, ogeed, baraf, beeraha iyo kuwo kale. By farshaxan ku sifayn waa sawirka, guriga, taariikhi ah, calaamad.

Geedi socodka saarka of farshaxan

Samaynta farshaxan - shaqo adag, oo u baahan xirfadaha qaarkood iyo shaqo adag. Marka aad hayso wax fikrad ah xagga shuqullada sculptor, wuxuu ku bilaabmaa soo saaridda ee ay muuqashadii qaabka hoos-size. Kaliya marka khariidad waa si buuxda diyaar u ah, in aad sii wadi kartaa in aad farshaxan ugu.

Waayo, farshaxan Sidaana waxay u baahan yihiin aasaaska iyo jir birta. Markaas, artist bilaabmin si ay u daboosho jir dhoobada ilaa ilaa uu helo farshaxan ah oo ku dhaw in ay khariidad muuqaalka. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxa uu u adeegsanayaa qalab gaar ah Qaabaynta - galinin, iyo sidoo kale gacmaha iyaga u gaar ah. Waxaa muhiim ah si loo hubiyo in wax fuuq joogto ah inta lagu guda jiro isaha si ay u bilaabeen inay crack.

Marka wax taaj oo kale la soo gabagabeeyo, sculptor ka dhigaysa aragti sax ah abuurista wax dhib badan, dhoobo. Markaas, ku salaysan aragti ah, farshaxan ah waxaa laga yaabaa in wax kasta oo kale oo wax - dhagaxayga weyn, bir ama naxaas. Waxaa xusid mudan in mid ka mid ahaa shaqo sculptural weyn ma jiro pre-wax taaj oo kale ah iyo soo saaridda of kabka. Inkastoo taariikhda farshaxan waxay ahaayeen rag saaniciin ah kuwaas oo si toos ah la soo shaqeeyay wax isha. Mid ka mid ah kuwaas oo ahaa abuure iyo Michelangelo weyn.

Farshaxan sida beeraha wax sharraxsan,

Mid ka mid ah nooca farshaxan waa park farshaxan ah, kuwaas oo dhaqan waxay leeyihiin taariikh dheer. Way adag tahay in la damacsan park qurux badan ama beerta dadweynaha oo aan decoration sculptural. xeerkii qurxinta Beero la farshaxan aasaasay by Gariigta ah ee qadiimiga ah. Way adag tahay in la qiyaaso iyo Beero qadiimiga Rome aan Sidaana farshaxan ilaahyada, ama dagaalyahan geesi ah.

Qarnigii XVII ee xarunta soo saarka ee farshaxan, waayo, jardiinooyinka iyo beeraha noqday Venice. yaalla oo dhan iibsaday farshaxan ah uu u beeraha kuwii gobta ahaa ee gaarka loo leeyahay ka Austria, Poland iyo Russia. farshaxan Park wakhtigaas ahaa element muhiim ah oo decoration ee St. Petersburg, kuwaas oo ahaa firfircoon uga loo dhisay. The sayid uguurtay ugu caansan oo la odhan karaa Pietro Baratta, kuwaas oo curiyay weli waxaa laga arki karaa in Garden ee Xagaaga ee St. Petersburg ama Reserve Tsarskoye Selo.

Gaar ahaan caan ah beeraha oo casri ah keensataa waxa loogu yeero farshaxan topiary - uu abuuray oo ka mid ah masterpieces ee ku nool dhirta - dhirta ama ku xoortay.

adduunka ugu fiican u yaqaan of farshaxan

farshaxan caanka ah ee dunida oo helay taageero ay sabab u tahay sifooyinka ay. Oo waxaannu idin keenaynaa farshaxan ugu caansan shan adduunka ugu sareeya ee.

1. The ugu caansan ee farshaxan qadiimiga ah - taallo ilaahadda Aphrodite ah, sidoo kale loo yaqaan Milosskaya Venera ah. Taaladii nidaam marmar ah waxaa loo sameeyey in BC ee qarnigii labaad oo ka badbaaday ilaa maantadan la joogo. Maanta, farshaxan laba mitir ayaa loo arki karaa in gallery gaar ah Louvre ah.

2. farshaxan ee ugu sareeya - taalada ah Vairocana ku Buddha ee Shiinaha (Gobolka Henan). height guud ee mashearulxaraam - 158 mitir, shaqada dhismaha ay lagu soo dhamaystay 2002. farshaxan la sameeyey oo ah naxaas kabka, iyo qiimaha guud ee mashruuca lacag ku saabsan $ 55 million.

3. farshaxan ugu dahsoon - a Sidaana Moai on Easter Island. Seynisyahanno soo jeedinaya in taalada - shaqada sayid of Polynesia qadiimiga ah iyo kharibi iyaga oo taariikhdiisu tahay in BC ugu horeysay Millennium.

4. farshaxan ugu waddani - taalada dunida-caan ah Liberty - nooc ka mid ah calaamad ka mid ah dadka American. Waxa kale oo labaad ee ugu sareeya adduunka.

5. The farshaxan oo dahab ah ugu - taalada ah Buddha, oo ku yaalla Thailand, Wat TRIME. The farshaxan saddex mitir gaar ah in ay gebi ahaanba ka samaysan yahay dahab adag.