Ergot - waxa uu yahay waxan?

likaha sun ku jira wada jir ergot khatar ah, waa dhibaato ah ee beeraha iyo waqti isku mid ah kiimikaysan kaymo ujeedooyin dawooyinka. Its faafinta degdeg ah on dalagga ee qarniyadii dhexe keentay in soo bixitaanka of safmar ah iyadoo ay sabab u qofku cuno bur kibis wasakhaysan.

Waxyaabo badan oo nooca waa hab la yaab leh, iyo in dili karaa, waqti isku mid ah waa ay awoodaan in ay la bogsiiyo.

Waa maxay ergot?

Ergot - panulirus ka mid ah fangaska ka isku qoys ah. Dhamaan iyaga ka mid ah waa dulinka on cereals, oo ay ku jiraan haruurka iyo sarreenka. Waxaad ka heli kartaa version a magaca fangaska - geesahood ah, makaanka. Magaca ah "ergot" ka timaadaa ereyga Old Ruush taasoo la micno ah "oo faro badan, xad-dhaaf ah." qiimaha socda ee noocan oo kale ah, sida uu sheegay nin afaf ka barto ee O. Trubacheva, wakhtigaas u dhashay dabeecadda euphemistic.

Sclerotia waa kiish-elongated, saddex xagal formation adag ka yar oo ah qaabka qalooca la dildilaaca gaadhya iyo qabsatay. dusha sare ee ubaxyada madow iyo guduud, mararka qaarkood la cad in si fudud tirtirayaa on color Gaf ama caddaan la-galyadeena huruud ah. dhererka sclerotia ku xiran tahay nooca firileyda, taas oo uu yeesho ergot (sawirka). Tusaale ahaan, galley - waa 1-3 cm iyo ballaciisu yahay 6 mm.

Ergot ee qarniyadii dhexe

Khubad xayawaanka iyo bini'aadanka oo wada jir ergot leeyahay magac u gaar ah - ergotism. Arrintan ayaa, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, cilmi ahaan la xaqiijiyey iyo qarniyadii dhexe, kaas oo qof a mass. Waqtigaas, undemanding si carro iyo galley cayayaan u adkaysta meel kasta koray, oo kibista waa daruuriga ah. The badar wasakhaysan yihiin beddelay bur iyo sidaas heli on miiska. Ergotism sababay faafa weyn, oo waxaa jiray xitaa Order gaar ah Antonito kuwaas oo lagu daweeyo dadka qaba cudurka.

Professor Sheyn Rodzhers oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Clarkson oo ay weheliyaan ardayda uu ka qalin jabiyay ayaa baadhay dhibaatada Kyung iyo in go'aan ay ka yimaadeen in guryahooda badan, halkaas oo waxaa jiray dhawaaq la yaab leh ama aragga, ku nasanayay qaar ka mid ah noocyada khatarta ah ee caaryada in saameyn ku leh deegaanka yeelan karaan. Aragti Tani waxa ay xaqiijinaysaa waxaan Malo ahayn oo ku saabsan saamaynta dhacdooyinka ergot in Dr Makumbe Europe, oo ay ku jiraan raadinta saaxirad, yimaddeen. In photo kor ku xusan - rinjiyeynta by rinjiile Vlaamse, iyagoo muujinayay in saamaynta cudurka ergotism.

Ergot - fungus a dulinka u wada jir, taas oo, sida ay sheegayaan wararka qaar ka mid ah, ma aha sumowga oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale dhalanteed, gariir, cuncun. Taariikhda calaamadahan waxaa loo yaqaan "casiraad påskkäringar" iyo "gangrene." Alkalodidy aan Halaagnay xitaa ka dib (kibis la dubayo) daaweyn kulaylka. dhaqanka noocan oo kale ah ee ka dhanka ah bukaanada isweyneyn diinta keenaysaa in cawaaqib naxdin leh.

Wareegga horumarinta fungus ka

mycelium fangas ayaa galyadeena iyo guduud, laisla dhacdaa xilliga guga, waxa uu leeyahay qaab lugaha la madaxdii, kuwaas on top of meydadka dhalada-qaabeeya fruiting (perithecia), si cad u arki karo in sawir hoose. In socodka dambe habka galmada ah, taas oo ah gametangliev isuga, dheehan saygoot ah. Waxaa isla markiiba soo galo qeybinta (meiosis) gudaha bacda (ku weydiin) ka mycelium of fungus ka sameeyay.

Markaasaa xagaagii abuurka ergot (kudka) by dabaysha ama cayayaanka ku faafay kiiloomitir badan. Marka dhirta ubax badarka pistil, waxay Gagaab iyo ugu danbeyn hadhuudhka aan sameeyey, iyo mycelium fangas. Waxaa secretes dareere gaar ah oo soo jiidata cayayaanka (honeydew). Sidaas, waxaa jira faafinta dheeraad ah by kudka fungus ka. Ka dib markii ugxan waxaa dhammaaday, in ay meel, si loo yaqaan sclerotia a - HORN hyphae sameeyay dhisnayd of fungus ka. Marka cawska waa u bislaaday, waxaa dhulka ku dhicin oo overwinter ee ciidda, iyo geeddi-socodka lagu celceliyo mar guga.

Likaha beeraha

beerashada Gaarka ah ee ergot muhiim ah in la is barbar dhaawac ka soo beeraha iyada beeraha. Sida laga soo xigtay heerarka caalamiga ah, content ee kudka fangas in hadhuudh sun ah waa in aanay ka badan 0.05%. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar ka mid ah dalalka saaray shuruudaha of maqnaansho waadaxa ah ee kudka in alaabta ceeriin, gaar ahaan Masar. Ergot waxaa si deg deg ah loo qaybiyey iyo xaddi gaar ah mar walba jooga ee beeraha. Sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, si loo keeno ay ka kooban tahay ee hadhuudhka final eber waa mid aad u adag, laakiin waa aragti ahaan macquul ah.

ergot ugu caansan oo sarreen ah, galley iyo shaciir ah. qiyaas ugu muhiimsan ee la dagaalanka fangaska - nadiifinta buuxa oo loo yaqaano oo dhan (dayrta) Beerta farcankiisa iyo dayrta goosashada ka dib of. Sclerotia dilay ka dib markii beer ku qodaya. Sida talaabo taxadar ah, waxaa lagula talinayaa in ay dooran beerto noocyo muddo ubax gaaban oo isku mar iyo dhawraan xeerarka wareeg dalagga.

Sababaha ka qeyb qaadatay faafinta of haramaha grassy ergot iyo waa barametereka of beeraha, roobab badan lala dabaysha in muddo ubax badarka, qabow iyo daruuro madow, taas oo horseedaysa in ay iskala xilliga ubax ah.

Faafinta iyo beerista

Waa in la ogaadaa in ergot ah - fungus ka, faafin meel kasta oo ay jirto qamadiga. factor The wanaagsan ugu cimilada waayo, waa huurka badan (70%).

Sida aynu hore u kor ku xusan, ujeedooyin dawooyinka fungus, ergot kuwaas oo dhar guduudan, waxaa si gaar ah u koray. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, waxaa jira beeraha ee dhirta, daawooyinka, gaar ahaan ku nool gobollada Novosibirsk oo Kirov of Russia, Belarus. Dhegaha of galley si gaar ah inoculated la kudka of fungus ka gacanta ama mashiinada duro. Soosaarkooda waqti isku mid ah ilaa 4 metrik halkii hektar.

Collection of alaabta ceeriin waxaa lagu fuliyaa in muddada ku fulan, marka geesaheeduna waa la rinjiyeeyay midabka purplish-brown ah, waa adkaadaan oo si fudud loo kala saari karaan dhegta. Qoraalkani wuxuu soo ururiyey waxaa la qalajiyey in a dukaamo hawo wanaagsan at madoobaato. in feed la dhammeeyayna ay qoyaan loo baahan yahay in aan ka badnayn 11% iyo joogitaanka nijaasta ahaa ee lacagta ah ee ka yar 1.5-2%.

wada jir ergot

In dawooyinka isticmaali geesihii (sclerotia) ee ergot. Waxay leeyihiin lix lammaane oo wada jir stereoisomeric. levorotatory kasta firfircoon u dhiganta isomer ugu yar daciif dextrorotatory. In kadeed gaar ah, iyo ergotaminin, ergocristine iyo ergokristinin, iyo ergozimin ergozin, ergocryptine iyo ergokriptinin iwm qayb ugu weyn oo ay wada jir levorotatory -. Lysergic acid. The Halabuurka iyo content of wada jir tiirsan fungus tartanka noolaha arrimaha dibadda iyo geedka ay martida u.

Helitaanka LSD

farmashiyaha Swiss Albertom Hofmanom (sawirka) ee 1938, oo ka mid ah taagayo of acid lysergic ku jira ergot, waxaa laga heli by diyaarinta kiimikada - LSD caan ah. 5 sano ka dib, ninkan isku helay guryaha hallucinogenic ee xarunta. Currently LSD dalalka ugu mamnuucay Heshiiska Qaramada Midoobay, iyo sidoo kale habka cilmi. marka laga reebo waa Switzerland tan iyo sannadkii 2008 ogol yahay si ay u qabtaan therapy kula dhulkeeda dadka bukaanka ah oonad, oo ay ku jiraan marxaladaha muhiimka ah ee kansarka.

Isticmaalka daawada

On codsiga ah ee wada jir in daawo loo yaqaan muddo dheer. Ergot - fungus ka, si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa in ku dhaqanka ee uurreyda iyo umulaha. Waxay ku salaysan tahay daawooyinka keeni muddo-dheer iyo jaqayo xoog iyo joojiyo dhiigga, makaanka. Tallaabadan waxaa keena joogitaanka wada jir levorotatory physiologically firfircoon, gaar ahaan ergometrine. Waa yar sun badan oo kale, muddada ficilka ma aha sida sare, laakiin saamaynta waa ka dhaqso.

wada jir ergot Hydrogenated hantiyi guryaha ku dejinaysaa. Marka tan la eego, waxay la qiimeeyo ee daaweynta ee hypertension, xanuunka dhanjafka, cudurka Basedow ee, jirrooyinka dhimirka.

sumowga Ergot dhacaa ma aha oo kaliya dadka dhexdooda, laakiin sidoo kale dhacda in xoolaha. Tan iyo badar si iyaga ku quudin kale oo muhiim ah si ay ula socdaan nadaafadda ee ahaa hadhuudh feed for digaagga iyo xoolaha. Calaamadda ugu badan ee lagu sumoobo waa galleeyda ee dabada, dhegaha iyo addimada.

Halkan iyadu, ergot. Tani dhaqanka by Samo falku bixinta saameyn dhab ah caalamiga ah ee adduunka inagu xeeran. Haddii likaha yar ka dhigi doonaa in safmar ah, ama wuxuu noqon doonaa daawo wax ku ool ah, waxay ku xiran tahay hab sax ah in dabeecadda aadanaha.