Dahaadhka ranjiga, noocyada iyo siyaabaha aad ku dalban

dahaadhka ranjiga waxaa maanta loo isticmaalaa meelo badan oo kala duwan, sababta oo ah waxa lagu gartaa faa'iidooyin badan. Mid ka mid ah shuruudaha ugu muhiimsan ee hubinta oo dhan faa'iidooyin waa isticmaalka saxda ah, iyo in waa sababta ay muhiim ah in la ogaado waxa ay yihiin blaastiigga kuwan, sida ay si fiican u codsatay.

Waa maxay?

rinjiga daahan ayaa ka dhigan wax ka aasaasay rinjiga film shubo dushiisa gaar ah. Waxaa la soo saaray karaa qalab kala duwan. Geedi socodka aad isku kiimikada by kaas oo dahaadhka ranjiga sameeyay, waxaa ka mid ah, ugu horrayn, qalajiyo, oo ka dibna ilaa iyo dhamaad solidification mid ah waxyaabaha la dalbadaa.

Shaqada ugu weyn ee blaastiigga, kuwaas oo waa in ay bixiso badbaado wax ku ool ah ka wax kasta oo waxyeello iyo wax kasta oo meelaha howl gabka ah muuqaalka soo jiidasho leh, midabka iyo dareen taabasho.

noocyada

Iyadoo ku xiran guryaha qaab rinjiga laga yaabaa in mid ka mid ah noocyada soo socda: biyuhu, saliid u adkaysta, ilaalinta cimilada u adkaysta, kulaylka u adkaysta, kiimikaad adkaysta,, korontada, iyo sidoo kale ujeedada gaarka ah. Arintaan waxaa ka mid ah nooc hoosaad soo socda:

• rinjiga Antifouling (P GOST 51164-98, iyo kuwa kale) waa wax a aasaasiga ah in industry markabka. Iyada oo waxa ay meesha khatarta ah in qalad qaybo quuska maraakiibta, iyo sidoo kale dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee dhismayaasha Haydarooliga algae kasta, barnacles, sheyga ama walxaha kale.
• rinjiga daahan milicsiga (GOST P 41.104-2002 iyo kuwo kale). Waxay leedahay awood u leh inay luminescence ee gobolka arki karo of spectrum iyadoo ay wada joogaan gaadhista shucaaca, iftiinka.
• Heerkulka-xasaasi ah. U ogolow in aad bedesho dhalaalka ama midabka iftiinka ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen heerkulka gaar ah.
• retardants olol, retardant olol oo looga hortago ama saarayso suurogalka ah ee gaadhista heerkulka sare ilaaliyo dusha.
• Antinoise. Looga hortago mudida ee mowjado dhawaaq iyada oo dusha sare.

Iyada oo ku xidhan muuqaalka kore ee rinjiga waxaa laga yaabaa in ka tirsan yihiin mid ka mid ah toddobadii fasalada, kuwaasoo mid walba uu leeyahay Halabuurka gaar ah iyo nooca kiimikada ee filimka hore.

qalabka

Total go'aansadeen inay isticmaalaan dhowr nooc oo ka mid ah maaddooyinka, ku salaysan:

• urura ee film thermoplastic;
• film thermosetting hore;
• saliidda dhirta,
• saliidaha modified.

All blaastiigga kor ku xusan waxaa si ballaaran ayaa maanta loo isticmaalaa in ku dhowaad dhammaan dhinacyada dhaqaalaha qaranka, iyo sidoo kale kororka ah ee guriga.

tirakoobka

In dunida soo saartaa sanad kasta in ka badan 100 milyan oo tan oo qalabka rinjiga iyo xabagta, in ka badan nus ka mid ah wadarta guud ee lacagta waxaa loo isticmaali berrinkii injineernimada farsamada, halka rubuc ka waxaa loo isticmaalaa in dhismaha iyo dayactirka.

Wixii soo saaridda ee blaastiigga, ka dibna loo isticmaalo in lagu qurxiyo, iyadoo la isticmaalayo technology-soo-saarka aad u fudud, taas oo inta badan ku lug isticmaalka sida ku saleysan wakiilada sida film-sameynta sida dispersions aqueous of copolymer polyvinyl, casein, akriliks iyo waxyaalo kale oo la mid ah oo ku salaysan galaas oo dareere ah.

Advantageously inta badan kiisaska, blaastiigga sida waxa soo saarey codsanaya agab gaar ah lakabyo badan, oon ku gaari karo waxqabadka ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah ammaanka dusha ka ilaaliyo. Asal ahaan, ay dhumucdiisuna waxay u dhaxeysa 3 ilaa 30 microns, Gudaheedana waxaa sabab u ah heerarka hooseeya sida ku filan si adag oo kharribma rinjiga go'aan dhumucdiisuna jawi qoyska, halkaas oo ay jiraan waa wax macquul ma ah in la isticmaalo alaabtii gaar ah.

blaastiigga Gaarka ah

Si aad u hesho a daahan difaaca multi-lakabka, ka dhigay in la codsado dhowr lakab oo wax of noocyo kala duwan, oo leh lakabka kasta waxay leedahay shaqo gaar ah.

Device filim rinjiga imtixaanka waxaa laga codsadaa si loo xaqiijiyo sifooyinka lakabka hoose sida bixinta ilaalinta asaasiga ah, Amda si substrate, dhimaal ku daxalka electrochemical iyo kuwa kale.

daahan The kaas oo bixiya muuqaalada ammaanka ugu badnaan waa in ka mid ah lakabyo badan oo waaweyn:

• Putty;
• Primer;
• lakabka phosphate,
• ka mid ah saddex lakab oo dhaldhalaalka.

Xaaladaha qaarkood, haddii dahaadhka ranjiga si loo xaqiijiyo qalabka muujisay qiimaha lagu qancin laga yaabaa in dheeraad ah in la dalbadaa varnish, dheehan bixiyo guryaha si fiican u ilaaliya iyo sidoo kale madaxtooyada qaarkood. In diyaarinta daahan xamuurada hufan maray si toos ah codsatay in ay dusha sare oo ka mid ah articles, kuwaas oo loo baahan yahay si ay u siiyaan ilaalinta ugu badan.

qaadashada

Geedi socodka farsamada, kuwaas oo helay via blaastiigga adag, waxaa ka mid ah dhowr darsin xawaalad oo kala duwan oo la xiriira soo baxaan diyaarinta, wax rinjiyeynta dhigaalka, qalajiyo iyo fulinta processing dhexe.

Selection of habka gaar ah si toos ah ku xiran nooca qalabka loo isticmaalo iyo xaaladaha ka hawlgala ee dusha laftiisa. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxa ay qaadataa oo la tixgelinayo qaabka iyo cabbirka shayga si ay codsatay. Tayada diyaarinta dusha ka hor codsanaya rinjiga, iyo doorashada saxda ah ee rinjiga loo isticmaalo si weyn loo ogaado xoog koolo mid ah waxyaabaha la soo, iyo sidoo kale ay cimri dherer.

diyaarinta dusha ka mid ah nadiifinta leh qalab gacanta ama xoog ah, ayaa toogasho ku beera-engeeg, ama sandblasting, iyo processing la isticmaalayo wakiilada kala duwan kiimikada, kaas oo ku lug leh taxane ah oo hawlgallada:

- dusha maaddooyinka. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa loola jeedaa in xal aqueous processing gaar ah ama isku mid ah in surfactants oo lagu daro kale, qase organic ama emulsion gaar ah oo ka kooban biyo ka kooban iyo dareeraha ah organic.

- Iagu. saarista oo dhamaystiran iyo miridhku, baaxadda, iyo alaabooyinka kale ee daxalka ka dusha sare waa in la badbaadiyo. In intooda badan ka turjimaysa kiisaska, habka this waxaa la sameeyaa oo keliya marka la hubiyo sida paintwork gaariga waxaa fuliyey, ama waxyaabaha kale.

- Codsiga waxaa of layers diinta. Waxaa saamaynaya isbaddalka dabiiciga ah asalka ah ee dusha sare oo waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa marka aad u baahan tahay si ay u abuuraan blaastiigga adag leh nolol dheer. Gaar ahaan, waxaa ka mid ah ka phosphating oo lagu qayilo (xaaladaha inta ugu badan, hab faa'iido ah electrochemically at anode ah).

- Formation of the biraha sub-layers. Tan waxaa ka mid ah zinc-dahaadhay iyo cadmium-dahaadhay (asal ahaan isticmaalaya hab electrochemical on cathode ah). daaweynta dusha la isticmaalayo kiimikada waxaa intooda badan ka fuliyeen by darsatid ama wax soo saarka gaarka ah xal shaqada ee midab leh si buuxda iswada ama matoorada conveyor shubtay. Marka laga kaas oo noocyada kala duwan ee blaastiigga waxaa loo isticmaalaa, isticmaalka walxaha kiimikada u ogolaanaya in ay gaaraan diyaarinta dusha tayo sare leh, laakiin tani waxay ku lug leedahay dhaqo dheeraad ah biyo kulul iyo qalajinta dusha sare.

Sida loo codsado blaastiigga dareere ah?

Ka dib markii qalabka loo baahan yahay waxaa lagu soo xulay oo tayo hubiyaa dahaadhka la doortay hab u codsanaya in ay dusha ka, halkaas oo ay jiraan dhowr ah:

• Buugga. Waxa loo isticmaalaa rinjiyaynta kala duwan ee wax soo saarka badan oo dhexdhexaad ah, iyo sidoo kale dayactirka guriga iyo ka saarista ee dhammaan noocyada cilladaha guriga. Waxa guud ahaan la aqbalay in ay isticmaalaan waxyaabaha rinjiga lagu qalajiyo dabiiciga ah.
• oo duudduuban. codsiga matoorada, kaas oo bixiya for isticmaalka nidaamka isaguu ku. Waxa loo isticmaalaa qalabka daahan for articles guri sida filimada polymer, sheet iyo stock, namana daaliyaan, kartoonada, warqadaha iyo kuwo kale oo badan.
• inkjet. workpiece waxaa fuliyay ah "xijaab" gaar ah oo wax ku habboon iyada oo loo marayo. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo farsamada sida lagu saleyn karaa rinjiga Mashiinka daahan, qalabka kala duwan ee qoyska iyo xitaa qaar ka mid ah alaabooyinka kale, iyadoo qaybo ka mid ah shaqsi inta badan loo isticmaalaa daahan daah, halka in badan la warshadeeyey alaabta guri sida sheet bir, iyo xubno ka gaashaan of alaabta guriga iyo kuwa kale ee .

Darsatid iyo qulquli hababka daahan tahay faa'iidada badan kiisaska intooda badan waxaa caadi ah in la isticmaalo si aad u dalbato lakab oo rinjiga on articles qaabka isagoo dusha siman haddii loo baahdo in ay iyaga rinjiga ka mid ah midabka dardargelisay. Wixii diyaarinta of blaastiigga isagoo dhumucdiisuna waxay direyska oo aan dhula ama Wasaqda, ka dib markii rinjiyaynta waxyaabaha muddo ah lagu hayaa uumi dareeraha si toos ah uga qolkii qalajiyo soo socda. Halkan waxaa muhiim ah in si fiican loo qeexo dhumucda daahan rinjiga.

Darsatid galay qubeyska

daahan xamuurada caadiga ah waxaa ugu wanaagsan ee la hadhay dushiisa ka dib sheyga laga saaro qubayska ka dib markii qoynta. Haddii aan ka fiirsan waxyaabaha ka dhasha biyaha ah, waxaa la sameeyo isticmaalka darsatid la chemo-, korontada iyo termoosazhdeniem. Iyadoo la tixraacayo calaamada amarka dusha sare kaas oo loo daaweeyaa, iyo kala duwan anoforeticheskoe-cathode electrodeposition.

Marka la isticmaalayo technology cathode ku blaastiigga sida laga helo kaas oo ay leeyihiin iska caabin ah daxalka ku filan sare, halka ugu technology isticmaalka electrodeposition ogolaanaya si loo gaaro wax ku ool ah ilaalinta daxalka ee geesaha iyo qanjidhada waxyaabaha ba'an iyo sidoo kale godadka gudaha iyo welds. feature ugu xun of technology this Keliya waa in laga codsadaa in kiiskan kaliya lakabka hal mid ah waxyaabaha sida lakabka ugu horreeyey oo waa insulator ah, si looga hortago doonaa electrodeposition xiga. Sidoo kale xusid mudan waa xaqiiqda ah in habkan lagu dari karaa horay u codsatay cake furan gaar ah soo sameeyey film slurry a hore.

Marka loo isticmaalo wax rinjiga firidhsan hemoosazhdenii ka kooban oxidants kala duwan. Inta lagu jiro wada hadalka la substrate biraha sameeyay dusheeda ku uruuray ku filan sare ee udhigo multivalent gaar ah, kaas oo bixiya xinjirowga a layers dusha ee wax loo isticmaalo.

In the case of isticmaalaya termoosazhdeniya soo dadajin abuuray dushiisa kulul, iyo in xaaladda this qalab biyaha rinjiga a duraa daro gaar ah laga badiyay milmi in ay dhacdo kululaynta.

xereen

technology waxaa sidoo kale loo qaybiyey saddex kala duwan oo waaweyn:

• Pneumatic. Waxay ku lug leedahay isticmaalka eurooyin Buuggan ama si toos ah ula rinjiga pistoletoobraznyh at heerkul ^ah 20-85 C, kaas oo lagu quudiyo cadaadis sare. Codsiga of habkan ka duwan yahay wax soo saarka ku filan sare, iyo awood si ay u gaaraan blaastiigga rinjiga tayo wanaagsan iyadoo aan loo eegin meelaha foomka.
• Haydarooliga. Waxaa fuliyay cadaadis, kaas oo abuuray by bamka gaar ah.
• Buufis. gulufyadii isticmaalay la gano iyo rinjiga ka buuxsamay. Sida laga soo xigtay paintwork GOST of baabuurta oo lagu saleyn karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo habkan, iyo marka lagu daro, waxaa si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa in ranjiyeynta ah ee alaabta guriga iyo xitaa kala duwan ee wax soo saarka kale.

Waxay jeelyihiin in khasaaro muhiim ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan yihiin ficil ahaan dhan farsamooyinka sputtering jira waa jiritaanka khasaaraha halkii la taaban karo ee wax, buufis entrained hawo degtaa on darbiyada ku qolkii iyo Filter used. Waa in la ogaadaa in khasaaraha ugu bifbaafka gaari karto 40%, taas oo ka dhigan tiradaasi halkii la taaban karo.

Si bartey yareeyo khasaaraha sida, waxaa go'aansaday in ay isticmaalaan farsamada buufiyo in a high-voltage beer gaar ah korontada. Qurub of maaddadu ay sabab u dheecaan Corona ama mas'uul ka ah xukun xiriir la helay, ka dibna shubo on sheyga rinji, taas oo haddii ay taasi ku adeegtaa sida koronto ah calaamad ka soo hor jeedda. Isticmaalka habkan faa'iidada badan kiisaska intooda badan loo qaaday si aad u dalbato blaastiigga multilayer kala duwan on biraha iyo meelaha fudud, ka mid ah oo, gaar ahaan, qori ama caag ah mid kala saari karaa leh daahan a tabinta.

Sida loo dalbado qalabka budada?

Total adeegsanayaa saddex hababka aasaasiga ah, taas oo ka dhigtay codsiga of blaastiigga foomka budada:

• rusheeyo;
• xereen;
• dhigaalka sariir fluidised.

teknoolajiyada dhigaalka ahaaneed ugu LMC waa caado ah in la isticmaalo geedi socodka ka mid ah waxyaabaha midabaynta si toos ah on the lines shirkii-soo-saarka, oon at kacsantahay heerkulka daahan adkaysi sameeyay kala duwan macaamiisha ku filan sare iyo guryaha farsamo.

Sidoo kale blaastiigga Wehliyaha waxaa laga heli by qalabka daahan hal mar oo ka kooban isku dar ah ee ka carfayaan, dispersions ama xal, urura ee filimka, ma lagu gartaa waafaqsan a thermodynamic. The dambe may is-delaminate inta lagu guda jiro uumi of dareeraha caadiga ah, ama film-sameynta dul kululaynta kor ku heerkulka dhalidda.

Sababo la qoynta ah ee doorashada filimka substrate ah mid hore waxay bixisaa kobcinta of layers dusha of blaastiigga ah, halka kii labaad, oo iyana waxay kobcinaysaa hooseysa. Sayidka, qaab-dhismeedka a daahan multilayer.

Waxaa xusid mudan in technology ee aagga this si joogto ah la wanaajiyey oo la xoojiyay, halka kuwii hore waa la illoobay. Gaar ahaan, rinjiga daahan this (nidaamka 55) iyadoo la raacayo GOST 6572-82 mar dambe khusaysaa matoorada ku processing, cagaf iyo qalfoofka is-baasuukayaal, inkasta oo ka hor inta ay la isticmaalo waxay ahayd mid caadi ah.

qalajiyo

qalajiyo of blaastiigga la dabaqay waxaa lagu fuliyaa at heerkul ah 15 ^ilaa 25 ° C, in ay dhacdo of technology qabow ama dabiiciga ah, oo lagu qaban karaa heerkulka kacsantahay la isticmaalayo farsamooyin "foorno".

Dabiiciga ah lagu dabaqi karo in ay dhacdo rinjiga ku salaysan qalajiyo dhakhso film thermoplastic hore iyo kuwa ay leeyihiin bonds roodhida ee u taagoo, iyadoo la isticmaalayo sida hardeners qoyaan ama oxygen, sida polyurethane iyo alkyd Beeyada. Sidoo kale xusid mudan tahay, in marar badan lagu qalajiyo dabiiciga ah dhacdaa in ay dhacdo qalabka laba-qayb taas oo isticmaalka wakiilka Daaweynta ah waa la fuliyay ka hor codsiga.

Qalajiyo qalabka warshadaha inta badan sameeyaa heerkul ah 80 ^{160 °} C, budada ah iyo qaar ka mid ah qalabka gaar ah oo dhan oo la qalajiyey karaa heerkulka ilaa 320 ^C. By abuurista xaaladaha sida la siiyaa volatilization dedejiyey ee dareeraha ah, iyo waxaa lagu fuliyaa ee galalka kala duwan thermosetting Waxyeelo tusaale ahaan, alkyd-melamine, alkyd iyo Beeyada phenol-formaldehyde.

The technology daahan thermosetting ugu caansan waa in ka mid ah kuwa soo socda:

• Convective. Shayga la kululeeyo oo macneheedu yahay wareegaya hawada kulul.
• THERMORADIATIVE. shucaaca The infrared waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida il kulayl.
• Yeelista. Wixii qalajiyo, wax soo saarka la dhigayaa duurka ah talantaalli electromagnetic.

Si aad u hesho blaastiigga ku salaysan oligomers roodhida dhigay in ay isticmaalaan farsamada sida daawo markii loo feydo shucaaca ama electrons degdegsiimada.

geeddi socodka dheeraad ah

Inta lagu guda jiro qalajiyo jiro set oo ah hawlgaladii kiimikada iyo jirka in ugu dambeyntii keeni abuurista sare xoqdiid rinjiga. Gaar ahaan, waxaa ka mid ah saarista biyaha iyo dareeraha ah organic, qoynta of substrate ah, iyo polycondensation ama polymerization, haddii ay tahay hore si ay u sameeyaan polymers cross-lala filim Waxyeelo.

blaastiigga Abuuritaanka imanaysa alaabta budo ka mid ah barafku baahan yahay qayb ka kala duwan ee filimka hore, sidoo kale coalescence ah dhibco la Abuuray iyo substrate iyaga qoynta. Waxa kale oo xusid mudan in qaar ka mid ah xaaladaha caadiga ah si ay u isticmaalaan Daaweynta kaamerada.

daaweynta dhexe

Anshaxa processing dhexe wuxuu bixiyaa:

• Shiidi isticmaalaya layers hargahood oo ka sugi lahaayeen hoose ee rinjiga in meesha laga saaro wax kasta oo walxaha shisheeye, iyo sidoo kale in la siiyo carceero ah iyo in la wanaajiyo Amda u dhexeeya layers kala duwan.
• Qiraan koollada lakabka sare iyadoo la isticmaalayo gaar u blaastiigga luster helay. Tusaale ahaan, qorsheyaasha midabka habka loo isticmaalo howsha meydadka gaariga iyo xayraynta ka kooban, phosphating, qaboojinta, qalajiyo, priming iyo daaweynta dusha raacay by codsanaya a daweyn, buuqa iyo anada darey, iyo sidoo kale haysta weli tiro ka mid ah hababka kale.

The sifooyinka blaastiigga ku shubo by kooban qalabka loo isticmaalo, iyo sidoo kale qaabka daahan laftiisa.