B. Fisher, ciyaaryahanka chess ah: Biography, sawiro iyo guulaha

Robert Dzheyms "Bobby" Fischer - ciyaaryahan chess oo dunida ku baahsan, kooxda heysata horyaalka 11aad ee anshaxa this ee dunida. Sidoo kale ka mid ah ay mudnaan oo ka mid ah alaabta iyo Hordhac in ay ku dhaqmaan nooc cusub oo waqti gacanta ku saleysan Intaa waxaa dheer, ka dib markii stroke kasta. saacad chess la mid ah ayaa loo yaqaan ee ay hindisa - "saacad Fischer". Waxay la xiranayo isaga by 1990.

Carruurta iyo dhallinyarada

Dhashay Fisher - March 9, 1943. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa qowmiyadaha Jarmal ah, iyo hooyadiis, Swiss iyo xididdada Yuhuudda uu. At da'da laba sano, Bobby ka badbaaday musiibadii ugu horeeyay ee nolosha - aabbihiis tago qoyska. Isagu wuxuu u Germany ku soo laabtay, iyo hooyooyinka iyo carruurta la soo dhaqaaqay Brooklyn.

waayo-aragnimo hore ee ciyaaro chess dhacay da'da lix. walaashiis ka weyn kaas oo baray Robert iyo James iyaga u ciyaaro isla markiiba ogaaday tayo dabiici ah walaalkiisa ka yar ee istaraatijiyad. In sano ka dib uu si joogto ah hagaagtay ciyaarta of chess. Helitaanka xasuusta fiican isaga sahlay in ay bartaan luqado badan (Isbaanish, Ruush, Serbiyaan, Jarmal), iyo aqoon sida suugaanta chess shisheeye bartay Bobby in asalka ah.

tartanka ugu horeeyay

Sida dhallinyaro ah, Fisher ka qeyb galay tartamada oo badan. Laakiin natiijada ugu horeysay ee weyn ku ahaa in uu guul Junior Maraykanka Championship (1957). Sannad ka dib oo dhan hambalyeeyay Bobby la horyaalka ee horyaalka of America. Waxa uu ahaa ugu horeeyay ee taariikhda 14-sano jirka ah kooxda heysata horyaalka qaranka. Laakiin guul this uu haystay oo kaliya bilaabay in ay la yaab taageerayaasha. In 1958, ee da'da shan iyo toban, Bobby noqday Grandmaster ugu da'da yaraa ee dunida.

Ilaa waqti isku mid ah shan iyo toban Fischer, ciyaaryahanka chess in lafta ah, ka baxo dugsiga in uu iska gebi sooco, si chess. horyaalka ee horyaalka adduunka - waxa uu riyo ugu muhiimsan. Iyo Bobby sii socoto in goolkii this socday.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, danaynta ciyaaraha aysan ku koobnayn oo kaliya in ay chess. Ninkan u gaar ah waxaa sidoo kale ku lug tennis, dabaasha, barafka iyo barafka.

markii ugu horeysay in ay jebiyaan horyaalka adduunka ee chess American Fischer isku dayday in 1959 galay. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa ka qaybgalayaasha ku tartamaya koobka horyaalka dunida ee Yugoslavia ahaa. Laakiin markan uu ku guuldareystay.

dambiga ugu horeeya

In 1962, musharaxiinta ku xigta tartanka lagu qabtay Curacao. Tani waxa ay ahayd tartanka ee la soo dhaafay ka hor xilligii nasashada afar-sano dheer Fisher ee. Kolkaasuu mar kale adkaaday, ku dhameysteen kaalinta afaraad. On account this wuxuu helay sababo iyo sharaxaad. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in ka mid ah ka qaybgalayaasha waxaa jiray ciyaartoy badan ka Midowga Soofiyeeti. nooc ka mid ah dib u gurasho socday ilaa Bobby ma uu karin inuu si adag u qiimeeyaan xaaladda. Markaas uu ogaaday in aysan ahayn mid ku tartameen, iyo tixraacayo uu xirfad.

Horumarinta ee xirfadiisa chess

Ka dib markii in, uu ku guuleystay taxane ah oo guul weyn ku ah xulalka ugu haybadda leh, noqdo mid ka mid ah ciyaartoyda ugu waaweyn caalamka. Waqtigaas, Fischer - chess, xisbiga oo lagu qabtay America, ku dhawaad 100% dhammaaday guuleystayna uu, sii xoojisaa darajo ee aan la jabin karin ee ciyaartan. At Open Mareykanka ee 1963, waxa uu ku guuleystay natiijada kaamil ah. Inta lagu jiro muddada u dhaxaysa 1960 si ay u 1970, taasoo keentay kooxda uu ciyaaraha Olimbikada adduunka, uu ku qaatay 65 kulan, 40 ka mid ah taas oo uu ku guuleystay 18 keenay barbaro oo laga badiyay 7 kaliya.

In ka todobaatanaadkii hore, wuxuu bilaabay si ay u muujiyaan natiijada diiwaanka. Xisbiga leh ciyaartoyda ugu fiican dunida in Musharixiinta ay Tournament 1971, wuxuu ka qalin natiijada aan horay loo arag - 85% ka mid ah qodobada.

Bobby Fischer - ciyaaryahan chess leh dabeecad fadeexad ah

Ninkan isku daro chess dhif ah hadiyad iyo kibirsan ah weyne iyo fadeexad. mar walba iyo meel walba uu damcay inuu qudhiisu ha kor ku tartamaya kale, dalbanayaan mudnaanta. Waxa uu inta badan ilaa iyo haatan u baxay in xad xeerarka, samaynta weeraro saaraya qallafsan on qabanqaaba-tartanka iyo tartanka. Tusaale ahaan, sida xubin ka mid ah Interzonal in Sousse ee 1967, wuxuu si cad u sheegay in, ku salaysan diinta, ma qaban karaan kulan Jimcihii iyo Sabtidii ka ciyaari karaa kaliya ka dib markii todobada kacaysa fiidkii. qaabiyaasha u baxay inuu isaga iyo jadwalka uu kulan la raacayo shuruudaha kuwaas oo la kulmi. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, on this uu "hawada" weli ma dhamaan. Waxa uu intaas ku dalbaday in inta kale ee xisbiga on Saturday, sidoo kale, waxay bilaabeen kaliya ka dib markii 19.00. Tani waxay codsi sirgaxan, dabcan, in loo diiday, ka dib markii taas Bobby Fischer, ciyaaryahanka chess leh dabeecad fadeexad ah, oo "ku tufi" si hufnaan oo dhan iyo ma muujiyaan ilaa labo kulan. Sida ay xeerarka, xisbiyada, kuwaas oo ku guuldareystay u haysteen xaaraamayn doonaa, iyadoo laga jawaabayo uu diiday inuu sii ka qayb tartanka.

Fisher muujiyeen natiijooyin fiican, sidaas muteystay ixtiraamka ciyaartoyda ka mid ah. Laakiin waqti isku mid ah, waxa uu si joogta ah u cambaareeyay isagoo ku fiicnayn, extravagance iyo dalabka xad dhaafka ah ee uu qofka. In caddaalad waa in la ogaadaa in ay korortay shuruudaha labada xaaladaha iyo baaxadda qarashka, ayaa qeyb ka horumar nolosha tartanka iyo daryeelka ciyaartoyda. Gaar ahaan, iyada oo sababtu tahay dhaleeceyn joogta ah by Fisher la kordhay dhowr jeer size yar ee pool abaalmarinta ah horyaalka adduunka ah. Shaqaalaheenna inta badan si kaftan ah u yeedhay "our ururka," isagoo garanaya sida uu isku dayo in uu chess ixtiraamo.

Kooxda heysata horyaalka adduunka

In kulanka horyaalka ee 1972, ee lagu qabtay Reykjavik, halkaas oo Fischer ciyaaray Boris Spassky, waxa uu ku guuleystay gool ah 12.5: 8.5.

Inaan ku guuleysto ciyaarta la Spassky ahaa kulan ee la soo dhaafay si rasmi ah u ciyaaray by Fisher. Ku guuleystay horyaalka ee horyaalka cusub, wuxuu bilaabay inuu dhif ciyaaro, ka dibna xisbiga rasmi ahayn oo keliya. Qaab at koob oo waa weyn mar dambe ma ahaa. Dadka isaga ka ag dhow ogaaday xaalad xumeyd weyn ee kooxda heysata horyaalka kibir hodannimo. Iyo xanuun aad u daran xitaa fekerayo suurtogalnimada of guuldaradii keentay in xaqiiqda ah in Fischer - ciyaaryahan chess, oo aan haddana mar kale ayaa laga yaabaa in ay ka farxiyaan taageerayaasha ay guul cajiib ah, dhab ahaantii, oo ka soo degay meel fog ka.

Waa maxay sababta uusan ciyaarta la Karpov

Long ka hor kulanka caawa ee Anatoliem Karpovym horyaalka difaacaneysa ayaa horey tiro badan oo loo baahan yahay (64) si ay ururka iyo dhaqanka. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid ahaayeen kuwo gaar u ah Gaarna la taaban karo, in kasta oo dad badan ay u muuqatay cajiib ah. Waa ku filan si ay u isticmaalaan sida tusaale mid ka mid ah: Fischer dalbaday in laga galo qolka, halkaas oo ay jiraan ciyaar, oo dhan Sakeenah tallaalka khasab ah. Waxa sidoo kale jira xaalado, kuwa kuwaas oo si cad u soo horjeeda dhaqanka aasaasay waqti of noocan oo kale ah tartanka. Waxaas oo dhan waxay soo jeedinaysaa in jidka B. Fischer, ciyaaryahanka chess ah, kuwaas oo aan u ogolaan xitaa fikirka ah ee soo gaartay, ayaa isku dayay in ay carqaladeeyaan ciyaarta la soo horjeeda kaasoo laga yaabo inuu xoog isaga ka badan.

Kooxda heysata horyaalka hadda ayaa la aasaasay shuruudaha soo socda ee sharciyada ciyaarta, waayo, taasu waa in ay ilaa 10 kulan oo ay badiyeen, ma tirinta barbaro; tirada xisbiyada sinaba waa in aan la nidaamiyo, haddii score waa 9: 9, horyaalka ayaa weli la Fischer.

Markii ay labo dhibcood ka horeysay ee muddo ciyaarta uu ahaa wax aan macquul aheyn in la saadaaliyo. Waxa uu sii socon karo dhowr bilood, kaas oo noqon lahaa aan la aqbali karin. Sidaa darteed, guddi ka kooban xubno katirsan niyad waxay go'aansatay in 6 kulan oo ku guuleystay uu noqon doono ku filan. Maxaa Bobby "hanjabay" by diidmada ah oo taaj chess ah, iyo ciyaarta la Karpov. Halkan, qaabiyaasha ayaa ka tanaasulay. Number of kulan badisay ayaa la sara kiciyey si ay 9. Kaliya hal shuruud taas unbaa loo arkaa macquul ahayn oo aan caddaalad ahayn, ma la kulmaan. Waxaan ka hadleynaa biilka. Ka dib oo dhan, haddii account firfircoon yahay 9: 8 ay guushu ku Karpov, ka dibna uu ku guuleysan in kulanka soo socda waa hubaal inuu u baahan tahay inuu ku guuleysto, in uu yahay, codsadaha ayaa ku guuleysto 2 kulan oo ka badan horyaalka difaacaneysa.

Iyada oo laga jawaabayo, Fischer weli diiday ciyaarta, taas oo uu ku waayay taaj chess. Anatoly Karpov sheegay in kooxda heysata horyaalka, iyo fal Fisher ayaa muddo dheer looga hadlay deegaanka chess ah.

reclusion

Bobby Fischer - ciyaaryahan chess ah (hoos ka eeg sawirka.), Taas oo uu leeyahay sida qof ah lala yaabo, ka dib markii ciyaar ay ku guuldareysatay Karpov waxaa mar dambe ku lug leh ee tartamada rasmiga ah chess. Waxaa la og yahay in 1976-1977, wuxuu u sheegay inuu doonayo in la qabto kulanka caawa ee horyaalka difaacaneysa Karpov iyo wada xaajoodka xataa sameeyay on arrinta. Laakiinse iyagu ma ay ahaayeen guulo, iyo la Kulankanaga ma ay qaadan meel. Waxaa kale oo la og yahay in ciyaartoyda sida Enrike Meking, Svetozar Gligoric, Viktor Korchnoi iyo Jan Timman, sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa ee danaynaya sida ay xafiiltamaan ee ka iman karta Fisher, laakiin sidoo kale iyaga oo leh kulan aan la gaaray.

In ka todobaatanaadkii soo daahay, saxaafadda ayaa sheegay in Fischer biiray siiban koox diimeed "World Church of abuura." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii dhamaadka fashilmay dunida, kuwaas oo saadaaliyay in ay hoggaamiye, soo baxay dariiqada.

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee nolol iyo geeri

Ilaa 1992, magaca chess Fischer ku dhowaad uma ay muuqan in saxaafadda. Isla sanadkaas ayuu si lama filaan ah u ogolaaday in soo jeedinta ee tusaysa Yugoslav ganacsi inuu ciyaaro kulanka caawa ee Anatoliem Karpovym. Fischer ku guuleysan, laakiin, sida uu u sheegay dhaleecayn badan, labada sayid ee xirfadda, marka loo eego xaqiiqada ah in ay muujiyeen in 1970, ayaa sicad hoos u dhacay.

Ka dib markii ay guul la raacay by fadeexad, dagaallo ay la galeen xafiiska canshuuraha iyo Waaxda Maraykanka State. Xaqiiqada ah in Fisher, isagoo ka qeyb qaatay ciyaarta, xadgudbay cunaqabateynta caalamiga ah, taas oo ka kooban in bandowgu ah ee Yugoslavia, sheegay in Mareykanka. Sidoo kale, ma uu cashuur on guuleystayna. Ka dib markii Bobby aan sameeyey oo kaliya si dhexdhexaadnimo hadlay dowladda Mareykanka. Sidaas darteed, waxay soo degtay xaqiiqada ah in uu baasaboor la burin. Markii in muddo ah ka dib markii uu isku dayay si aad u hesho in Maraykanka, oo uu ku qabtay oo lagu xukumay 8 bilood oo xabsi ah.

Ka dib markii uu xabsi, oo uu ku noolaa ee Iceland, ee Reykjavik. Dhintay Bobby Fischer - ciyaaryahan chess ah, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa ka buuxa dhacdooyin kala duwan oo is burinaya oo kale, ka kelyaha January 17, 2008.